Wearable Triband E-Shaped Dipole Antenna with Low SAR for IoT Applications

Abstract

This paper presents a novel design of a flexible and wearable E-shaped, multiband dipole antenna. The antenna has a low profile and is printed on a common 2 mm thick denim fabric ( ε r = 1.7 ). By installing a passively coupled rectangular patch with L-shaped cuts, the lower frequency band is supported and the bandwidth at higher frequencies is also enhanced. The antenna’s performance was observed under different deformations in free space as well as when it was placed on different parts of the human body. No significant changes in the characteristics of the frequency bands of interest were observed for the flexible antenna compared with the initial nondeformable antenna. Simulations for 10 g average specific absorption rate (SAR) at different input powers up to 250 mW were carried out considering that the antenna adheres well to the human body and there is no spacing or shielding. The obtained results show that the amount of energy absorbed by the body tissue increases by increasing the incident power.

A Fully-Printed CRLH Dual-Band Dipole Antenna Fed by a Compact CRLH Dual-Band Balun

“…In contrast to all, only this work uses a metamaterial dipole. While Li, Huang, Sim, and Azeez’s antennas [ 2 , 4 , 7 ] and [ 10 ] have more than three bands, 2.4 and 5.2 GHz are obtained by the other dipoles. To check the sizes as miniaturization effect, the areas of all the antennas are compared, which leads to a finding that the proposed antenna is substantially small.…”

“…Nair [ 9 ] presented an F-shaped slot line to feed a dual-band dipole antenna which are fed by an SMA connector. H. Azeez modified a dipole with a pair of E-shaped conductive arms to generate multiple resonance [ 10 ]. Its feeding scheme is the same as [ 9 ].…”

A Review of Flexible Wearable Antenna Sensors: Design, Fabrication Methods, and Applications

“…Wearable textile antenna sensors are becoming more and more essential in on-body applications in the last decade [ 23 ], due to their ability to detect microstructure deformations and human motions and to monitor and supervise the human health [ 24 , 25 ]. Compared with conventional antenna sensors, textile antenna sensors are able to be integrated on the outfits and they offer key features such as comfort, light weight, and washability.…”

Recent Advances of Wearable Antennas in Materials, Fabrication Methods, Designs, and Their Applications: State-of-the-Art

“…Researchers have focused on conventional designs using textile materials and inkjet/screen printing methods [ 17 ]. However, they have not been able to solve all the existing challenges previously mentioned, despite showing some acceptable outcomes [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. Thus, it is imperative, in retrospect of the recent progress in wearable antennas and their applications in the WBAN systems.…”