Weathering effects on discontinuity properties in sandstone in a tropical environment: case study at Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia

Tating, F.F.; Hack, H.R.G.K.; Jetten, Victor

doi:10.1007/s10064-014-0625-5

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In these tests the mineral coatings over non-bridge areas contributed very little to the measured tensile strength although it is acknowledged that precipitation of iron oxides in some joints Rock bridge areas are approximate as shown in Fig. 11 Tensile Strength of Geological Discontinuities Including Incipient Bedding, Rock Joints and… 4219 can sometimes lead to significantly increased tensile and shear strength (Tating et al 2015). Petrographic thin sections were taken from variously coloured areas on the joint surfaces to investigate mineralogy.…”

Section: Samples With Incipient Jointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensile Strength of Geological Discontinuities Including Incipient Bedding, Rock Joints and Mineral Veins

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Geological discontinuities have a controlling influence for many rock-engineering projects in terms of strength, deformability and permeability, but their characterisation is often very difficult. Whilst discontinuities are often modelled as lacking any strength, in many rock masses visible rock discontinuities are only incipient and have tensile strength that may approach and can even exceed that of the parent rock. This fact is of high importance for realistic rock mass characterisation but is generally ignored. It is argued that current ISRM and other standards for rock mass characterisation, as well as rock mass classification schemes such as RMR and Q, do not allow adequately for the incipient nature of many rock fractures or their geological variability and need to be revised, at least conceptually. This paper addresses the issue of the tensile strength of incipient discontinuities in rock and presents results from a laboratory test programme to quantify this parameter. Rock samples containing visible, natural incipient discontinuities including joints, bedding, and mineral veins have been tested in direct tension. It has been confirmed that such discontinuities can have high tensile strength, approaching that of the parent rock. Others are, of course, far weaker. The tested geological discontinuities all exhibited brittle failure at axial strain less than 0.5 % under direct tension conditions. Three factors contributing to the tensile strength of incipient rock discontinuities have been investigated and characterised. A distinction is made between sections of discontinuity that are only partially developed, sections of discontinuity that have been locally weathered leaving localised residual rock bridges and sections that have been 'healed' through secondary cementation. Tests on bedding surfaces within sandstone showed that tensile strength of adjacent incipient bedding can vary considerably. In this particular series of tests, values of tensile strength for bedding planes ranged from 32 to 88 % of the parent rock strength (intact without visible discontinuities), and this variability could be attributed to geological factors. Tests on incipient mineral veins also showed considerable scatter, the strength depending upon the geological nature of vein development as well as the presence of rock bridges. As might be anticipated, tensile strength of incipient rock joints decreases with degree of weathering as expressed in colour changes adjacent to rock bridges. Tensile strengths of rock bridges (lacking marked discolouration) were found to be similar to that of the parent rock. It is concluded that the degree of incipiency of rock discontinuities needs to be differentiated in the process of rock mass classification and engineering design and that this can best be done with reference to the tensile strength relative to that of the parent rock. It is argued that the science of rock mass characterisation may be advanced through better appreciation of geological history at a site thereby improving the ...

show abstract

Section: Samples With Incipient Jointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensile Strength of Geological Discontinuities Including Incipient Bedding, Rock Joints and Mineral Veins

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Based on the study of the orientation of joints in six lava domes, Smith (2018) found that the orientation of radial cooling joints is highly susceptible to toppling. Other studies showed how weathering processes affect the properties of mechanical discontinuities (Arikan & Aydin, 2012;Tating et al, 2015). These studies showed that the spacing of discontinuities decreases with an increase in the weathering grades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This mining method may require excessive steepening of a rock slope, and consequently, cause a rock slope failure (Singh et al, 2013). Among other factors, the stability of rock slopes is strongly affected by the presence of rock mass discontinuities, because the discontinuities control not only the overall structure of the rock mass but also its mechanical properties, and consequently, the slope hydrogeology (Tating et al, 2015). Therefore, discontinuities impact the open mining design (Bye & Bell, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Discontinuities on Rock Mass Quality and Overall Stability of Andesite Rock Slope in West Java

Yanuardian

Hermawan

Martireni

et al. 2020

MGPB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Open-pit mining constitutes a necessary activity for the extraction of rocks and minerals from the Earth. However, openpit mining activities often result in rock slope stability issues related to the discontinuities of rock masses. Thus, an appropriate cut-slope design in open-pit mining requires good knowledge of the effects of discontinuity on rock mass strength and quality. This study aims to analyze the effect of discontinuity type on rock quality and slope stability. Discontinuity data was collected from the columnar jointed-andesite rock slope in West Java. The analysis showed that the examined andesite slope has a good rock mass quality and very favorable slope stability. However, wedge-type slope failure may occur, which is substantially affected by columnar joints present in the rock mass. Moreover, the analysis indicated that the integral discontinuities present in the andesite outcrops significantly affect the mean values of the discontinuity length, discontinuity spacing, and rock strength. However, the integral discontinuities have little effect on the slope mass rating (SMR). Thus, detailed studies on the contribution of integral discontinuities to the rock mass rating and SMR of different rock types are recommended.

show abstract

“…The failure mechanism and pattern of sandstone imposes an important role on the safe construction and operation of pertinent structures. Moreover, the material properties of sandstone are often observed and characterized to be of discontinuity, nonlinearity, anisotropy, and non-elasticity [5]. This leaves the prediction of the structural behavior and performance of sandstone as a significant challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Fracture Damage of Sandstone Using Digital Image Correlation

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Featured Application: A non-contact digital image correlation technique is used to predict sandstone failure. Failure strain for the tested sandstone is estimated to be around 0.004. Finite element analysis verifies the accuracy of prediction results based on experiments.Abstract: Investigation on the deformation mechanism of sandstone is crucial to understanding the life cycle patterns of pertinent infrastructure systems considering the extensive adoption of sandstone in infrastructure construction of various engineering systems, e.g., agricultural engineering systems. In this study, the state-of-the-art digital image correlation (DIC) method, which uses classical digital photography, is employed to explore the detailed failure course of sandstone with physical uniaxial compression tests. Four typical points are specifically selected to characterize the global strain field by plotting their corresponding strain-time relationship curves. Thus, the targeted failure thresholds are identified. The Hill-Tsai failure criterion and finite element simulation are then used for the cross-check process of DIC predictions. The results show that, though errors exist between the experimental and the theoretical values, overall, they are sufficiently low to be ignored, indicating good agreement. From the results, near-linear relationships between strain and time are detected before failure at the four chosen points and the failure strain thresholds are almost the same; as low as 0.004. Failure thresholds of sandstone are reliably determined according to the strain variation curve, to forecast sandstone damage and failure. Consequently, the proposed technology and associated information generated from this study could be of assistance in the safety and health monitoring processes of relevant infrastructure system applications.

show abstract

Weathering effects on discontinuity properties in sandstone in a tropical environment: case study at Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Tensile Strength of Geological Discontinuities Including Incipient Bedding, Rock Joints and Mineral Veins

Tensile Strength of Geological Discontinuities Including Incipient Bedding, Rock Joints and Mineral Veins

The Influence of Discontinuities on Rock Mass Quality and Overall Stability of Andesite Rock Slope in West Java

Prediction of Fracture Damage of Sandstone Using Digital Image Correlation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About