Web-Based and mHealth Technologies to Support Self-Management in People Living With Type 2 Diabetes: Validation of the Diabetes Self-Management and Technology Questionnaire (DSMT-Q)

Abstract

<jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>A growing number of web-based and mobile health (mHealth) technologies have been developed to support type 2 diabetes self-management. Little is known about individuals’ experiences with these technologies and how they support self-management. Appropriate tools are needed to understand how web-based and mHealth interventions may impact self-management.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Objective</jats:title> <jats:p>This study aimed to develop an instrument, the Diabetes Self-Management and Technology Questionnaire (DSMT-Q), to assess self-management among people living with type 2 diabetes who use web-based and mHealth technologies.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>A total of 36 candidate questionnaire items, drafted previously, were refined using cognitive debriefing interviews (n=8), expert consultation, and public patient involvement feedback. Item reduction steps were performed on survey data (n=250), and tests of validity and reliability were subsequently performed.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Following amendments, patients and experts found 21 items relevant and acceptable for inclusion in the instrument. Survey participants included 104 (41.6%) women and 146 (58.4%) men. Two subscales with high construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were identified: “Understanding individual health and making informed decisions” and “Confidence to reach and sustain goals.”</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>Analyses confirmed good psychometric properties in the DSMT-Q scales. This tool will facilitate the measurement of self-management in people living with type 2 diabetes who use web-based or mHealth technologies.</jats:p> </jats:sec>

A novel questionnaire for evaluating digital tool use (DTUQ-D) among individuals with type 2 diabetes: exploring the digital landscape

“…The second instrument, The Diabetes Self-Management and Technology Questionnaire [DSMT-Q; (29)], is designed to assess selfmanagement among patients with T2DM utilizing web-based and mHealth tools (i.e., mobile health, namely, health practices aided by mobile devices). The questionnaire has high reliability, with Factor 1, "Understanding individual health and making informed decisions, " comprising seven items and a Cronbach's alpha level of 0.90.…”

Study of e-Health nutritional interventions on disease patients based on meta-analysis

“…Researches classified mHealth technologies for diabetes management into seven categories according to their uses (Alanzi, 2018;Choi et al, 2019Choi et al, , 2020Kelly et al, 2020): (i) glycemic control and self-monitoring of blood glucose; (ii) medication guidance; (iii) clinical nutrition guidance; (iv) physical exercise; (v) weight loss; (vi) health education and (vii) blood pressure control.…”