Weed control in corn and weed sample size for growth evaluations

Abstract

-The objectives of this study were to evaluate baby corn yield, green corn yield, and grain yield in corn cultivar BM 3061, with weed control achieved via a combination of hoeing and intercropping with gliricidia, and determine how sample size influences weed growth evaluation accuracy. A randomized block design with ten replicates was used. The cultivar was submitted to the following treatments: A = hoeings at 20 and 40 days after corn sowing (DACS), B = hoeing at 20 DACS + gliricidia sowing after hoeing, C = gliricidia sowing together with corn sowing + hoeing at 40 DACS, D = gliricidia sowing together with corn sowing, and E = no hoeing. Gliricidia was sown at a density of 30 viable seeds m -2 . After harvesting the mature ears, the area of each plot was divided into eight sampling units measuring 1.2 m 2 each to evaluate weed growth (above-ground dry biomass). Treatment A provided the highest baby corn, green corn, and grain yields. Treatment B did not differ from treatment A with respect to the yield values for the three products, and was equivalent to treatment C for green corn yield, but was superior to C with regard to baby corn weight and grain yield. Treatments D and E provided similar yields and were inferior to the other treatments. Therefore, treatment B is a promising one. The relation between coefficient of experimental variation (CV) and sample size (S) to evaluate growth of the above-ground part of the weeds was given by the equation CV = 37.57 S Keywords: Zea mays, Gliricidia sepium, integrated control, hoeing, intercropping, corn yield. CV = 37,15 RESUMO -O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar os rendimentos de minimilho, de milhoverde e de grãos da cultivar BM 3061, com o controle de plantas daninhas feito pela combinação de capinas + consorciação com gliricídia, e verificar como o tamanho da amostra influencia a precisão da avaliação do crescimento das plantas daninhas. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados com dez repetições. O cultivar foi submetido aos tratamentos: A = capinas aos 20 e 40 dias após a semeadura do milho (DASM); B = capina aos 20 DASM + semeadura de gliricídia após a capina

Intercropping Corn With a Combination of Tree Species to Control Weeds

“…Various methods include soil covering (Rajashekarappa et al, 2013), incorporation of plant residues (Matloob et al, 2010;Khaliq et al, 2011), spraying with vegetable extracts (Mubeen et al, 2012;Uddin et al, 2013), and intercropping (Tavella et al, 2014).…”

“…However, several studies have demonstrated that various perennial species may control weeds when grown with corn (Tavella et al, 2014). In these studies, corn has been intercropped with tree species individually, i.e., corn + gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) or corn + sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia).…”

Effects of Baby Corn Density on the Crop and Weed Performance under Different Maize-Soybean Intercropping Systems

“…In parallel with this, the reduction of synthetic herbicides in agriculture production has been considered in many countries because humans perceive the negative aspects of chemical overuse in weed control such as the problems of food safety, environmental pollution, undesirable effects on living organisms, and the appearance of herbicide-resistance (Al Samarai et al, 2018). Therefore, non-chemical methods to control weeds have been studied in corn, including management of cover plants and increased corn planting densities (Tavella et al, 2014) Living cover crops suppress weeds during their growing phases and act as living mulch by competing for resource availability (light, nutrients, and water). They create a canopy for a greater number of crop plants in a unit area (Kumar et al, 2017) and through physical, biotic, and allelopathybased inhibition of weed germination interactions (Radicetti, 2012;Lemessa & Wakjira, 2014).…”

Estudo de fatores que interferem na qualidade das aplicações terrestres de produtos fitossanitários

“…Embora na literatura exista inúmeros trabalhos para determinar tamanhos de parcela, de amostra e número de repetições alguns deles no café (Coffea arabica L.) (CIPRIANO et al, 2012;GUARÇONI et al, 2020), no milho (Zea mays, L.)( CATAPATTI et al, 2008;TAVELLA et al, 2014;TOEBE et al, 2014;VARGAS ROJAS;NAVARRO FLORES, 2017;TOEBE, 2020), e na soja (Glycine max L. Merril) (CARGNELUTTI FILHO et al, 2009;STORCK et al, 2009;GONÇALVES, 2011;BELMONTE et al, 2020), observa-se que não é possível determinar o mesmo tamanho de parcela/amostra para todos os caracteres agronômicos ou padronizar para todas as culturas.…”