Weed Management in Apple Cv. Royal Delicious by Using Different Orchard Floor management Practices

Hussain, Shabber; Sharma, Meenakshi; War, Abdul Rashid; Hussain, Barkat

doi:10.1080/15538362.2019.1700405

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For growers seeking improved soil structure or soil carbon levels, normal orchard foor management practices including application of composts, mulches, "living mulches," or throwing cuttings from the inter-row onto the tree row [77][78][79] have been shown to increase soil carbon and improve under tree soil characteristics, especially on degraded or sandy soils. However, in soils with A1 horizons that already have moderate to high levels of soil carbon, further increasing soil carbon may prove frustratingly slow as soil carbon levels are likely to approach equilibrium or saturation over time [80].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Characteristics of Australian Apple Growing Soils

Hardie,

Oliver,

Cotching

et al. 2024

Applied and Environmental Soil Science

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Despite being the highest value fruit crop in Australia, little is known about the types and condition or “health” of Australia’s apple growing soils. This study is unique in being the first to report the condition and characteristics of Australia’s apple growing soils; it provides essential baseline data for future monitoring of soil health in apple production systems, as well as soil physical and chemical data required for the development of perennial soil-tree-climate models. Soil chemical and physical properties were measured at 34 orchards, across five states. Soils were assessed for water retention, hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, macroporosity, organic carbon, CEC, ESP, pH, and EC. Despite high to very high levels of organic carbon, most topsoils were moderately to poorly structured. Around one-third to half of all sites showed evidence of poor aeration or impeded drainage, whilst 10 of the 34 sites were prone to nutrient leaching. Plant available soil water (PAWC) varied greatly between sites from 31 mm to 170 mm from 0 to 60 cm depth and between sites within the same soil order. Whilst topsoils had high to very high levels of organic carbon (average: 2.46%), they were otherwise poorly structured, with higher than expected bulk density (average: 1.32 g/cm3) and lower than expected air capacity (average: 9.97%) and macroporosity (average: 1.75%). Subsoils were also found to have little soil water availability (average: 15.39 mm/100 mm), low air capacity (average: 5.28%), and low CEC (average: 8.12 cmol (+) kg−1). Notably, 10 of the 34 sites had less than 6 cmol (+) kg−1 CEC throughout the entire soil profile, indicating potential risk of nutrient leaching. This study indicates that apple growing soils require careful management to improve topsoil structure, and to maintain or increase soil carbon, as well as use of soil moisture sensors to schedule irrigation. In addition, some sites also require improved subsoil drainage and care to ensure fertigation and irrigation do not result in leaching of nutrients beneath the root zone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Characteristics of Australian Apple Growing Soils

Hardie,

Oliver,

Cotching

et al. 2024

Applied and Environmental Soil Science

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“…ese weeds are typical for orchards with grass living mulch (Harrington et al, 2002;Licznar-Małańczuk, 2014, 2020Paušič et al, 2021;Tworkoski & Glenn, 2012). Trifolium repens can also be used as a cover crop in an orchard (Hussain et al, 2020;Licznar-Małańczuk, 2014) because it develops durable sods (Merwin, 2003).…”

Section: Living Mulchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grass Species as Living Mulches – Comparison of Weed Populations and Their Biodiversity in Apple Tree Rows and Tractor Alleys

2022

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The durability of four grass living mulches, population of annual and perennial weeds, and their biodiversity in tree rows and tractor alleys were evaluated in the first 4 years after cover crop sowing. The experiment was established in a young semi-dwarf apple orchard 1 year after the planting of the tree ‘Chopin’ cv. Soil coverage was satisfactory for the three cover crops: red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass. The sods of the grasses exhibited 100% soil surface cover in the tree rows and drive alleys, starting from 1 year after sowing to the end of the study period. Only the maintenance of the blue fescue resulted in low average soil development. Annual and perennial weed populations were lower in the tree rows than in the drive alleys. It was determined meticulous and manual soil preparation prior to all grass sowing under tree crowns, followed by precise mowing of grasses and nitrogen fertilization in subsequent years. The highest soil surface cover by the total annual taxa was observed immediately after the emergence of the living mulch. Total perennial weed populations increased in the following vegetation seasons. Trifolium repens L. and Taraxacum offcinale (L.) Web. dominated all the grass living mulches evaluated. Only the red fescue sod effectively limited the infestation of perennial weed after 4 years of living mulch maintenance in the tree row. More than half of the annual and perennial weed taxa occurred sporadically in all living mulches. In both the tree rows and tractor alleys, the soil surface cover was not more than 1%, and these species contributed to the increase in orchard biodiversity.

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“…Numerous authors have investigated sensitivity against glyphosate against C. canadensis (Krga et al, 2013;Meseldzija et al, 2015;Anagnostopoulos et al, 2020), which is an invasive weed species present in the extensive orchard at the Sombor location. Hussain et al (2020) treated 45 trees with oxyfluorfen, atrazine, glyphosate, and pendimethalin, and glyphosate was the most effective, especially in the post.em treatment after paddy straw mulch (10-cm thickness). Based on the total efficacy of the applied herbicides, it can be concluded that diquat (82.04% to 92.84%) and glyphosate (90.18% to 95.55%) had good total efficacy, oxyfluorfen (69.87% to 80.82%) had satisfactory efficacy, and fluazifop-P-butyl had very low total efficacy (32.34% to 32.47%) because its spectrum of action is limited only to grass species.…”

Section: Second Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed composition and control in apple orchards under intensive and extensive floor management

Dudić

Meseldžija

Ljevnaić‐Mašić

et al. 2020

Chil. j. agric. res.

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Weed control in apple tree (Malus domestica [Suckow] Borkh.) orchards continues to be a major problem. Weeds compete with fruit trees, which is manifested in production quality and quantity. The aim of this study was to determine the weed flora of apple orchards with different floor management practices and to investigate the efficacy of the diquat, oxyfluorfen, glyphosate, and fluazifop-P-butyl herbicides. Experiments were conducted during 2015 and 2016 in orchards under intensive (Ruski Krstur) and extensive (Sombor) floor management. Annual, perennial broad-leaf, and grass weeds were identified. Dominant weed species in both apple orchards were Poa annua, Hordeum murinum, Conyza canadensis, Portulaca oleracea, Cynodon dactylon, Sorghum halepense, Carduus acanthoides, Amaranthus retroflexus, Cirsium arvense, Chenopodium album, and Solanum nigrum. After the first and second assessments, the best results occurred with glyphosate in both orchards and total efficacy ranged from 88.42% to 98.32% in the orchard under intensive floor management and 90.32% to 95.55% in the orchard under extensive floor management. Diquat and oxyfluorfen have shown good results, but their efficacy was lower than for glyphosate. Fluazifop-P-butyl, as a selective herbicide, showed low efficacy at both sites; it had high efficacy on grass weeds, but no effects on broad-leaf weeds.

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Weed Management in Apple Cv. Royal Delicious by Using Different Orchard Floor management Practices

Abstract: In this study, 19-year-old apple orchard at Arabal,

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Health and Characteristics of Australian Apple Growing Soils

Health and Characteristics of Australian Apple Growing Soils

Grass Species as Living Mulches – Comparison of Weed Populations and Their Biodiversity in Apple Tree Rows and Tractor Alleys

Weed composition and control in apple orchards under intensive and extensive floor management

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