Weed surveys and weed mapping in Europe: State of the art and future tasks

Krähmer, Hansjörg; Andreasen, Christian; Economou-Antonaka, Garifalia; Holec, J.; Kalivas, Dionissios; Kolářová, Michaela; Novak, Robert J.; Panozzo, Silvia; Pinke, Gyula; Salonen, Jukka T.; Sattin, M.; Štefanić, Edita; Vanaga, I.; Fried, Guillaume

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2019.105010

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…For clonal plants, the density refers to the number of individual stems. Although herbicide‐sprayed plots were larger than herbicide‐free ones (given that a larger area is generally required to reach species saturation under herbicide pressure; Chauvel et al, 1998; Krähmer et al, 2020), they sheltered significantly less species (i.e. 9 ± 5 species vs 13 ± 6 species, mean ± standard deviation), supporting a negative herbicide effect on species richness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Functional biogeography of weeds reveals how anthropogenic management blurs trait–climate relationships

Bourgeois

Munoz

Gaba

et al. 2021

J Vegetation Science

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Questions: Studies in functional biogeography have mostly focused on unmanaged ecosystems, and neglected testing how management intensity affects communitylevel response of plant traits to bioclimatic gradients. We hypothesize that traitclimate relationships for arable weeds spontaneously establishing in croplands subject to intensive management should differ from the relationships characterizing less intensively managed grassland ecosystems. Location: France.Methods: We computed community-weighted means (CWM) and variances (CWV) of 954 and 5,619 cropland and grassland plant assemblages, respectively, for three fundamental leaf traits (specific leaf area, SLA; leaf dry matter content, LDMC; leaf nitrogen content, LNC). Based on growing season length accounting for both temperature and soil water limitations (GSL tw ), we compared trait-climate relationships between herbicide-free croplands and grasslands, and between herbicide-free and herbicidesprayed cropland assemblages. The contribution of beta-diversity to the trait-climate relationships was then evaluated using multiple regression on distance matrices.Results: Distinct trait-climate relationships characterized herbicide-free cropland and grassland plant assemblages. CWM of all traits showed weaker relations with GSL tw in cropland relative to grassland assemblages. CWV of LDMC and LNC responded more sharply in croplands. Furthermore, no herbicide effect on trait-climate relationships was detected within cropland assemblages. These results seem to be explained by a greater taxonomic beta-diversity along the GSL tw gradient for grasslands.Conclusions: Specific trait-environment relationships characterize croplands, underlining that management intensity greatly affects trait-climate relationships for plant assemblages. Deciphering the interplay between land use intensification and climate is critical to accurately forecast functional vegetation changes in response to global changes, and hence to foster actions enhancing ecosystem resilience.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Functional biogeography of weeds reveals how anthropogenic management blurs trait–climate relationships

Bourgeois

Munoz

Gaba

et al. 2021

J Vegetation Science

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“…A completely randomized block or a nested-plot survey design can be adopted [72]. Nowadays, computer-drawn maps recognized by satellite-assisted systems, sensor-driven automated weed detection with earth-bound or multispectral cameras are available and recommended, especially for large fields [74]. Useful information on seed persistence in the soil, temporal patterns of weed seed rain and weed emergence should be assessed from the soil seedbank analysis.…”

Section: The Decision-making Process: From Weed Mapping To Weed Thresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Weed Management in Herbaceous Field Crops

2020

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Current awareness about the environmental impact of intensive agriculture, mainly pesticides and herbicides, has driven the research community and the government institutions to program and develop new eco-friendly agronomic practices for pest control. In this scenario, integrated pest management and integrated weed management (IWM) have become mandatory. Weeds are commonly recognized as the most important biotic factor affecting crop production, especially in organic farming and low-input agriculture. In herbaceous field crops, comprising a wide diversity of plant species playing a significant economic importance, a compendium of the specific IWM systems is missing, that, on the contrary, have been developed for single species. The main goal of this review is to fill such gap by discussing the general principles and basic aspects of IWM to develop the most appropriate strategy for herbaceous field crops. In particular, a 4-step approach is proposed: (i) prevention, based on the management of the soil seedbank and the improvement of the crop competitiveness against weeds, (ii) weed mapping, aiming at knowing the biological and ecological characteristics of weeds present in the field, (iii) the decision-making process on the basis of the critical period of weed control and weed thresholds and iv) direct control (mechanical, physical, biological and chemical). Moreover, the last paragraph discusses and suggests possible integrations of allelopathic mechanisms in IWM systems.

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“…The repeated sampling of the same farms or fields creates the opportunity to more closely track herbicide resistance evolution, changes in frequency and distribution, 64 and potentially the identification of successful management approaches. Relating herbicide resistance evolution in Australian cropping weeds to herbicide treatment frequency has been hampered most often by the lack of accessible treatment records.…”

Section: Improving Herbicide Resistance Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the value and efficiency of herbicide resistance surveys

Squires

Coleman

Broster

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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The scale of herbicide resistance within a cropping region can be estimated and monitored using surveys of weed populations. The current approach to herbicide resistance surveys is time‐consuming, logistically challenging and costly. Here we review past and current approaches used in herbicide resistance surveys with the aims of (i) defining effective survey methodologies, (ii) highlighting opportunities for improving efficiencies through the use of new technologies and (iii) identifying the value of repeated region‐wide herbicide resistance surveys. One of the most extensively surveyed areas of the world's cropping regions is the Australian grain production region, with >2900 fields randomly surveyed in each of three surveys conducted over the past 15 years. Consequently, recommended methodologies are based on what has been learned from the Australian experience. Traditional seedling‐based herbicide screening assays remain the most reliable and widely applicable method for characterizing resistance in weed populations. The use of satellite or aerial imagery to plan collections and image analysis to rapidly quantify screening results could complement traditional resistance assays by increasing survey efficiency and sampling accuracy. Global management of herbicide‐resistant weeds would benefit from repeated and standardized surveys that track herbicide resistance evolution within and across cropping regions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Weed surveys and weed mapping in Europe: State of the art and future tasks

Cited by 36 publications

References 85 publications

Functional biogeography of weeds reveals how anthropogenic management blurs trait–climate relationships

Functional biogeography of weeds reveals how anthropogenic management blurs trait–climate relationships

Integrated Weed Management in Herbaceous Field Crops

Increasing the value and efficiency of herbicide resistance surveys

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