Weight Change and Body Composition in Patients With Parkinson's Disease

Beyer, P; Palarino, Mary Y; Michalek, Debra; Busenbark, Karen; Koller, William C.

doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(95)00269-3

Cited by 161 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…All the previous studies have reported lower mean BMIs than the mean values we found in this study (men 23.0 -25.4 vs 27.0 kg=m 2 ; women 22.0 -22.6 vs 26.9 kg=m 2 ; both sexes together 23.5 -24.4 vs 27.0 kg=m 2 ; Markus et al, 1993;Beyer et al, 1995;Durrieu et al, 1992;Jankovic et al, 1992). Also the proportion of overweight patients was lower than in our study (20 -30% vs 62%) (Markus et al, 1993;Abbott et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

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Is underweightness still a major problem in Parkinson's disease patients?

et al. 2003

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Objective: To evaluate the current rate of underweightness amongst Parkinson's disease (PD) patients at an Italian referral centre. Design: Epidemiological study on consecutive patients presenting for the first time in a 16-month period. Setting: Nutritional service of PD referral centre in Milan, Italy. Subjects: Three-hundred and sixty-four PD patients diagnosed according to CAPIT criteria. Methods: Anthropometric assessments: BMI and waist-to-hip ratio; evaluation of therapeutic physical activity (h=week). Results: Three-hundred and sixty-four patients were included (180 female, 184 male), mean (s.d.) age 65.9 (8.9) y, mean (s.d.) duration of PD 10.6 (5.3) y; 134 patients (37%) were overweight and 92 (25%) were obese; 11 (3%) were underweight; 127 (35%) had normal BMI. No important differences in BMI according to sex and smoking status were observed. There was highly significant inverse correlation between duration of disease and BMI (P < 0.001): mean (s.d.) duration of disease was 9.7 (4.7) y in overweight þ obese patients, 11.1 (5.5) y in patients with normal BMI and 14.1 (7.2) y in underweight patients (P ¼ 0.0059). The waist-to-hip ratio was a cardiovascular risk factor in 47.7% of men and 73.8% of women. Mean (s.d.) therapeutic physical activity was 1.07 (1.59) h=week in overweight and obese patients vs 1.61 (2.04) h=week in patients with normal BMI (50.5% increase; P ¼ 0.03). Conclusions: At present underweightness is uncommon in PD patients in Italy; this may be due to the increase in the prevalence of overweightness in the Italian population and to modern antiparkinsonian therapy. Sponsorship: Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…Beyer et al (1995) reported an inverse correlation between advancing of the disease and BMI, but significance was achieved by the correlation with severity of disease, not with duration of disease. Durrieu et al (1992) did not find a correlation between BMI and severity or duration of disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Is underweightness still a major problem in Parkinson's disease patients?

et al. 2003

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“…Brains of cystatin B deficient, adult mice are smaller than normal controls, and this size difference is paralleled by low body weight, a greater density of neurons in the cerebellar granular cell layer, as well as an increased susceptibility of granule cells to undergo apoptosis (Lieuallen et al, 2001). In humans, advanced neurodegenerative syndromes are often accompanied by severe wasting (Beyer et al, 1995;Grundman et al, 1996), a finding that correlates with both the degree and type of neurological impairment. This observation isparticularly relevant to infections with HIV-1 which, in an advanced state, is associated with neurodegeneration and a wasting syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and proteomic analysis of the effects of cannabinoids on normal human astrocytes

et al. 2008

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Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC), the main psychoactive component of marijuana, is known to dysregulate various immune responses. Cannabinoid (CB)-1 and -2 receptors are expressed mainly on cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system. The CNS is the primary target of cannabinoids and astrocytes are known to play a role in various immune responses. Thus we undertook this investigation to determine the global molecular effects of cannabinoids on normal human astrocytes (NHA) using genomic and proteomic analyses. NHA were treated with Δ 9 -THC and assayed using gene microarrays and two-dimensional (2D) difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) to elucidate their genomic and proteomic profiles respectively. Our results show that the expression of more than 20 translated protein gene products from NHA was differentially dysregulated by treatment with Δ 9 -THC compared to untreated, control NHA.

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“…Weight loss is a common feature among PD patients (6,7). Although the cause is still debated, gastrointestinal dysfunction had been suggested due to the often-occurring degeneration of the enteric nervous system during disease progression (30).…”

Section: Molecular Changes In Basal Ganglia Of En Ht Micementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical symptoms are resting tremor; muscular rigidity; postural instability; hyposomia; a positive response to the application of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA); and the presence of cytoplasmatic inclusions (Lewy bodies) in postmortem brains (5). Additionally, PD patients are often characterized by weight loss starting before diagnosis and continuing with disease progression (6,7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow progressive degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in postnatal Engrailed mutant mice

Sgadò

Albèri

Gherbassi

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The homeobox transcription factors Engrailed-1 and Engrailed-2 are required for the survival of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in a cell-autonomous and gene-dose-dependent manner. Because of this requirement, the cells die by apoptosis when all four alleles of the Engrailed genes are genetically ablated (En1؊͞؊; En2؊͞؊). In the present study, we show that viable and fertile mice, heterozygous null for Engrailed-1 and homozygous null for Engrailed-2 (En1؉͞؊;En2؊͞؊), have an adult phenotype that resembles key pathological features of Parkinson's disease. Specifically, postnatal mutant mice exhibit a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra during the first 3 mo of their lives, leading to diminished storage and release of dopamine in the caudate putamen, motor deficits similar to akinesia and bradykinesia, and a lower body weight. This genetic model may provide access to the molecular etiology for Parkinson's disease and could assist in the development of novel treatments for this neurodegenerative disorder.dopamine ͉ midbrain ͉ mouse mutant ͉ neurodegenerative disease ͉ substantia nigra M esencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons are the main source of dopamine in the mammalian central nervous system (1). They are located in three distinct nuclei, the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN), the ventral tegmentum (VTA), and the retrorubral field (RRF). Their main innervation targets are the basal ganglia, where they play a major role in controlling emotion, motivation, and motor behavior (2, 3), recognized by their involvement in schizophrenia, addiction, and most prominently in Parkinson's disease (PD; ref. 4). PD is a multisystemic degenerative disorder of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Its hallmark is the progressive degeneration of DA neurons in the SN. The clinical symptoms are resting tremor; muscular rigidity; postural instability; hyposomia; a positive response to the application of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA); and the presence of cytoplasmatic inclusions (Lewy bodies) in postmortem brains (5). Additionally, PD patients are often characterized by weight loss starting before diagnosis and continuing with disease progression (6, 7).The homeodomain transcription factors Engrailed-1 and -2 (En1 and En2) are expressed by all mesDA neurons soon after differentiation and then continuously into adulthood. They are cell-autonomously and in a gene-dose-dependent manner required for the survival of this neuronal population, leading to the complete loss of the cells in mutant mice homozygous null for both genes (En1Ϫ͞Ϫ;En2Ϫ͞Ϫ; refs. 8 and 9). In their function as survival factors for mesDA neurons, the two genes are redundant and can compensate for each other (9, 10). The single-null mutants for either En1 (En1Ϫ͞Ϫ) or En2 (En2Ϫ͞Ϫ) show no significant alterations in the organization of the mesDA system at birth, but the mice with genotypes intermediate to the single and double mutants are distinctively different from each other. Whereas En1Ϫ͞Ϫ;En2ϩ͞Ϫ mice die at po...

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Weight Change and Body Composition in Patients With Parkinson's Disease

Cited by 161 publications

References 15 publications

Is underweightness still a major problem in Parkinson's disease patients?

Is underweightness still a major problem in Parkinson's disease patients?

Genomic and proteomic analysis of the effects of cannabinoids on normal human astrocytes

Slow progressive degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in postnatal Engrailed mutant mice

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