Weight Gain in Infancy and Overweight or Obesity in Childhood across the Gestational Spectrum: a Prospective Birth Cohort Study

Wang, Guoying; Johnson, Sara B.; Gong, Yongquan; Polk, Sarah; DiVall, Sara A.; Radovick, Sally; Moon, Margaret; Paige, David M.; Hong, Xiumei; Caruso, Deanna; Chen, Zhu; Mallow, Eric B.; Walker, Sheila O.; Mao, Guangyun; Pearson, Colleen; Wang, Mei Cheng; Zuckerman, Barry; Cheng, Tina L.; Wang, Xiaobin

doi:10.1038/srep29867

Cited by 64 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Early weight gain groups were determined based on changes in WLZ from baseline (0.5 month) to 4.5 months: WLZ changes <−0.67 SD were categorized as slow weight gain (SWG); between −0.67 and 0.67 SD, as normal weight gain (NWG); and >0.67 SD, as RWG. 30,31 Overweight status at 1 year was defined as WLZ > 85th percentile (WLZ > 1.0364).…”

Section: Anthropometry Weight Gain and Overweight Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of early rapid weight gain on odds for overweight at one year differs between breastfed and formula‐fed infants

et al. 2020

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Summary Background Early rapid weight gain (RWG) increases, whereas longer durations of breastfeeding decreases, odds for later obesity. Objectives To determine the independent and interactive effects of early weight gain and diet on infant weight status trajectories and odds for overweight at 1 year. Methods We conducted secondary analysis on data from two longitudinal trials with repeated anthropometric measures. One trial consisted of predominantly or exclusively breastfed (BF, n = 97) infants, whereas the other consisted of exclusively formula‐fed (FF, n = 113) infants. Weight‐for‐length z‐score (WLZ) change from 0.5 to 4.5 months was used to categorize early weight gain as slow (<−0.67; SWG), normal (−0.67 to 0.67; NWG) or rapid (>0.67; RWG). Linear‐mixed effects models were fit to examine the independent effects and interaction of early diet (BF, FF) and weight gain (SWG, NWG, RWG) groups on WLZ trajectories; logistic regression was used to assess odds for overweight at 1 year. Results While similar percentages (41%) of BF and FF infants experienced RWG, we found a significant diet × early weight gain group interaction (P < .001) on weight status. At 1 year, the WLZ of FF infants with RWG (1.57 ± 0.99) was twice that of BF infants with RWG (0.83 ± 0.92). Using BF infants with NWG as the reference group, FF infants with RWG had increased odds [OR: 25.3 (95% CI: 3.21, 199.7)] for overweight at 1 year, whereas BF infants with RWG did not. Conclusions Early diet interacts with early weight gain and influences weight status trajectories and overweight risk at 1 year.

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Section: Anthropometry Weight Gain and Overweight Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of early rapid weight gain on odds for overweight at one year differs between breastfed and formula‐fed infants

et al. 2020

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“…As mentioned elsewhere, plasma leptin levels were measured in duplicates using a sandwich immunoassay based on flow metric xMAP technology on Luminex 200 machines (Luminex Corp., Austin, TX). The interassay coefficient of variation was 4.5% (Wang, Johnson, et al, 2016b). Unlikely leptin levels, defined as greater than 3 SD, were observed in 8 and 7 subjects for cord and early childhood leptin, respectively, and were reassigned a value of 3SD (G. Wang, Hu, et al, 2016a).…”

Section: Exposure Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal and Infancy Growth Pattern, Cord and Early Childhood Plasma Leptin, and Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Boston Birth Cohort

et al. 2018

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Leptin is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in energy homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that leptin levels are altered in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however this has not been studied prospectively. Rapid growth during infancy and early childhood has been implicated in ASD, but the evidence is inconsistent. Since leptin is involved in growth and is a potential risk factor for ASD, we explored the associations between 1) cord, early childhood leptin and ASD; and 2) birth weight for gestational age, early childhood weight gain and ASD. We also assessed the mediating role of leptin in the relationship between weight gain during infancy and ASD. This study was conducted in a sample of 822 subjects from the Boston Birth Cohort. ASD was defined from diagnostic codes in electronic medical records. Extremely rapid weight gain during infancy was associated with a greater ASD risk and this persisted after adjusting for potential confounders (aOR: 3.11; 95% CI: 1.37, 7.07). Similarly, children that had higher plasma leptin levels, prior to ASD diagnosis, had an increased ASD risk in both unadjusted and adjusted models (aOR: 7.87; 95% CI: 2.06, 30.04). Further, early childhood leptin indirectly mediated the relationship between rapid weight gain and ASD. No associations were found between birth weight for gestational age, cord leptin and risk of ASD. Our findings provide a basis to further explore whether the combination of early life growth pattern and a biomarker such as leptin can predict ASD earlier.

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“…[4][5][6] Although rapid weight gain in the first 2 years of life has been associated with increased risk of obesity, hypertension, and metabolic disease in children born at term and late preterm, 3,7 it is not known if this association is relevant to children born before 34 weeks' gestation. 8 Infants with extremely low birth weight (ELBW) and born extremely preterm (EP) typically exhibit growth delay during their first postnatal months 9 and then experience a gradual increase in weight z score during childhood and adolescence, a process referred to as "catch-up" growth. 10 -12 By 14 to 20 years of age, cohorts with ELBW attain a mean weight similar to that of controls with normal birth weight.…”

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Antecedents of Obesity Among Children Born Extremely Preterm

et al. 2018

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on behalf of the ELGAN Study Investigators BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is a pervasive public health problem with risk factors such as maternal prepregnancy BMI and rapid infant weight gain. Although catch-up weight gain promotes more favorable neurodevelopment among infants born preterm, it is not clear whether faster weight gain early in life, or other correlates of preterm birth, are associated with later obesity in this population. METHODS:We used prospective data from the multicenter, observational Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn Study. Among 1506 eligible individuals in the initial cohort, 1198 were eligible for follow-up at 10 years of age. We examined BMI in 871 children (58% of the cohort; 74% of survivors) and analyzed relationships between antecedents and overweight or obesity at 10 years of age. A time-oriented approach to multinomial multivariable regression enabled us to calculate odds of overweight and obesity associated with pre-and postnatal antecedents. RESULTS:Prepregnancy maternal BMI ≥25 and top quartile infant weight gain in the first year were associated with increased risk of both overweight and obesity at 10 years of age. Single marital status was a risk factor for later child obesity and exposure to tobacco smoke was a risk factor for later child overweight. CONCLUSIONS:The risk profiles for overweight and obesity at 10 years of age among children born extremely preterm appear to be similar to the risk profiles of overweight and obesity among children born at term. abstract NIH WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Although extremely preterm (EP) infants typically exhibit early growth delay, these individuals are nonetheless at risk for childhood obesity. It is unclear what factors are associated with childhood obesity in this EP population. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:We found that a mother's prepregnancy BMI and a child's faster weight gain in the first and second years were associated with obesity at 10 years of age among EP infants.

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Weight Gain in Infancy and Overweight or Obesity in Childhood across the Gestational Spectrum: a Prospective Birth Cohort Study

Cited by 64 publications

References 38 publications

Impact of early rapid weight gain on odds for overweight at one year differs between breastfed and formula‐fed infants

Impact of early rapid weight gain on odds for overweight at one year differs between breastfed and formula‐fed infants

Fetal and Infancy Growth Pattern, Cord and Early Childhood Plasma Leptin, and Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Boston Birth Cohort

Antecedents of Obesity Among Children Born Extremely Preterm

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