Well water sources simultaneous contamination with Cryptosporidium and Acanthamoeba in East-Southeast Asia and Acanthamoeba spp. in biofilms in the Philippines

Masangkay, Frederick Ramirez; Milanez, Giovanni De Jesus; Dionisio, Joseph D; Ormita, Luzelle Anne G.-L.; Alvarez, Abel V.; Karanis, Panagiotis

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155752

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 92 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…that cause AK are known to be present in a variety of water sources, i.e. drinking (tap and bottled) and recreational (swimming pools, spas and beaches), well water and groundwater ( de Lacerda and Lira, 2021 ; Masangkay et al, 2022 ). Reports performing genotyping on water samples have indicated that genotypes are present which are known to cause human disease including the dominant T4 genotype ( Putaporntip et al, 2021 ; Padua et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acanthamoeba keratitis: Molecular typing of Acanthamoeba species directly from ocular tissue

Connelly,

Anijeet,

Tole

et al. 2023

Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acanthamoeba keratitis: Molecular typing of Acanthamoeba species directly from ocular tissue

Connelly,

Anijeet,

Tole

et al. 2023

Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Standard PCR was used to detect cryptosporidia in a biofilm in the Philippines (Masangkay et al, 2022), which is a fast and simple method used to amplify DNA sequences in vitro, which is based on the principle of enzymatic replication of nucleic acids. To quantify the number of cryptosporidia in biofilms, Koh et al (2013) used a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique in which DNA molecules are labeled with a fluorescent dye that is used to monitor and quantify PCR products in real time.…”

Section: Molecular Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods used for concentrating oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp., spores Encephalitozoon spp. and Enterocytozoon spp. and their occurrence in Slovak water samples

Sučik

Valenčáková

2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The number of outbreaks of water-borne diseases caused by parasites seems to have increased in recent years. Nevertheless, the occurrence of these pathogens in water generally pays little attention. Waterborne transmission is a major route in the epidemiology of the parasite and therefore poses a serious public health problem. Cryptosporidium spp., Encephalitozoon spp. and Enterocytozoon spp. parasites are recognised worldwide as a common cause of diarrhoea. In most cases, it is a dilapidated or poorly maintained standard sanitation and water supply. It is important to perform periodic tests on protozoa, which are often lacking in small laboratories. Since it is necessary to filter large volumes of water for reliable diagnostics and consequently, it is difficult to concentrate them in a large volume of filtrate, it is not easy to detect their presence in the water. Various filtration methods are used to filter these pathogens from water, but cryptosporidial oocysts and microsporidia spores still occur in most of the world’s and Slovak recreational waters. Therefore, it would be appropriate to use the abilities of gill-breathing aquatic animals that filter cryptosporidial oocysts and microsporidia spores from the water by absorbing them with food. Zeolite can also purify water by capturing high concentrations of contaminants, including cryptosporidial oocysts and microsporidial spores.

show abstract

“…Acanthamoeba species, are free-living microorganisms widely distributed in soil, water, and vegetation around the world ( Andalib et al., 2022 ; Zhou et al., 2022 ), posing a serious public health concern. Outbreaks of amoebic keratitis have afflicted developed countries, such as New Zealand, USA, and UK ( Carnt et al., 2018 ; McKelvie et al., 2018 ; Scruggs et al., 2019 ), as well as developing countries in various public water sources ( Masangkay et al., 2022 ; Elseadawy et al., 2023 ). Acanthamoeba spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel anti-Acanthamoeba effects elicited by a repurposed poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor AZ9482

Chen,

Han,

Jing

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionAcanthamoeba infection is a serious public health concern, necessitating the development of effective and safe anti-Acanthamoeba chemotherapies. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) govern a colossal amount of biological processes, such as DNA damage repair, protein degradation and apoptosis. Multiple PARP-targeted compounds have been approved for cancer treatment. However, repurposing of PARP inhibitors to treat Acanthamoeba is poorly understood.MethodsIn the present study, we attempted to fill these knowledge gaps by performing anti-Acanthamoeba efficacy assays, cell biology experiments, bioinformatics, and transcriptomic analyses.ResultsUsing a homology model of Acanthamoeba poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), molecular docking of approved drugs revealed three potential inhibitory compounds: olaparib, venadaparib and AZ9482. In particular, venadaparib exhibited superior docking scores (−13.71) and favorable predicted binding free energy (−89.28 kcal/mol), followed by AZ9482, which showed a docking score of −13.20 and a binding free energy of −92.13 kcal/mol. Notably, the positively charged cyclopropylamine in venadaparib established a salt bridge (through E535) and a hydrogen bond (via N531) within the binding pocket. For comparison, AZ9482 was well stacked by the surrounding aromatic residues including H625, Y652, Y659 and Y670. In an assessment of trophozoites viability, AZ9482 exhibited a dose-and time-dependent anti-trophozoite effect by suppressing Acanthamoeba PARP activity, unlike olaparib and venadaparib. An Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide apoptosis assay revealed AZ9482 induced trophozoite necrotic cell death rather than apoptosis. Transcriptomics analyses conducted on Acanthamoeba trophozoites treated with AZ9482 demonstrated an atlas of differentially regulated proteins and genes, and found that AZ9482 rapidly upregulates a multitude of DNA damage repair pathways in trophozoites, and intriguingly downregulates several virulent genes. Analyzing gene expression related to DNA damage repair pathway and the rate of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites indicated DNA damage efficacy and repair modulation in Acanthamoeba trophozoites following AZ9482 treatment.DiscussionCollectively, these findings highlight AZ9482, as a structurally unique PARP inhibitor, provides a promising prototype for advancing anti-Acanthamoeba drug research.

show abstract

Well water sources simultaneous contamination with Cryptosporidium and Acanthamoeba in East-Southeast Asia and Acanthamoeba spp. in biofilms in the Philippines

Cited by 6 publications

References 92 publications

Acanthamoeba keratitis: Molecular typing of Acanthamoeba species directly from ocular tissue

Acanthamoeba keratitis: Molecular typing of Acanthamoeba species directly from ocular tissue

Methods used for concentrating oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp., spores Encephalitozoon spp. and Enterocytozoon spp. and their occurrence in Slovak water samples

Novel anti-Acanthamoeba effects elicited by a repurposed poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor AZ9482

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About