WeMos IoT Controller-Based Low-Cost Fall Detection System for Elderly Users

Abstract

Fall detection systems for the elderly are very important to protect this type of users. The early detection of the fall of the elderly has a major impact on saving their lives and avoiding the deterioration of the negative medical effects resulting from the effect of the patient falling on a hard surface. One of the constraints in fall detection systems are false-negative errors (no fall detection) or false-positive errors (sending a false warning without real fall accident). These errors have to be reduced significantly. In this paper, an innovative method to reduce fall detection system errors is proposed. The system consists of two orientation detection sensors to track the body orientation instead of using a single sensor in the previous systems which enhances the system accuracy and reduces the false-negative and false-positive errors. The system uses a small size IoT-based controller to process the sensor's information and make the alarm decision based on specific thresholds. The output alarm of the system includes an email sent to the caregivers via the embedded Wi-Fi ESP8266 module as well as an SMS message to the caregivers’ phones via GSM modules to ensure that the alarm message arrives in the absence of internet coverage for the patient or the caregiver. The system is powered by a small lithium-Ion battery. All sensors and modules of the system are combined in a small rubber box that can be fixed in a waist belt or the chest rejoin of the user body. Several tests have been made in different procedures. The tests revealed that the new approach improves the accuracy of the system and reduces the possibility of triggering wrong alarms.

Evaluating of IAQ-Index and TVOC Parameter-Based Sensors for Hazardous Gases Detection and Alarming Systems

“…The main goal of the proposed work is to evaluate, which parameter should be used in future design for hazardous gases detection and alarming systems. A combination of two different gas measurement parameters such as the IAQ-index and TVOC will allow the system to minimize false-positive as well as false-negative gas detection errors [7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Mobile Detection and Alarming Systems for Hazardous Gases and Volatile Chemicals in Laboratories and Industrial Locations

“…The systems in [27,29,30,40,49,50] are good examples for IoT-based implementation which is one of the important improvements in the ongoing and next generation of hazardous gases detection and alarming systems design [71,72]. As the presented review focus on the mobile systems, we found that the IoT-based systems can achieve the following advantages over implementations: Several systems in this review use ZigBee communication modules to establish the wireless communication between the sensors node and the monitoring station, which is a good choice for indoor short-range data transferring in WSN.…”

نظام مدمج منخفض التكلفة للكشف عن السقوط وتنبيه الطوارئ باستخدام إنترنت الأشياء لكبار السن

“…Every year, one in three elderly people fall, which can cause serious injuries, hospital stays, and even death [1], impairing their functionality and reducing their mobility, independence, and quality of life [2]. To lessen false-negative and false-positive mistakes, fall detection systems' accuracy must be increased [3]. Several fall detection and emergency warning systems have been created to solve this issue, and they automatically notify the necessary care groups when a fall is detected [4] [5].…”