West Nile Virus-Associated Meningoencephalitis in Two Chronically Immunosuppressed Renal Transplant Recipients

Hardinger, Karen L.; Miller, Brent W.; Storch, Gregory A.; Desai, Niraj M.; Brennan, Daniel C.

doi:10.1046/j.1600-6143.2003.00223.x

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Summarizing the data so far, there have been 7 cases in kidney and/or pancreas recipients, 2 in liver transplant recipients, and 1 each in heart and lung recipients, respectively [12,14,16,17]. Four of these patients were aged 160 years, and only 3 were women.…”

Section: Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus--Associated Encephalitis in Recipients of Renal and Pancreas Transplants: Case Series and Literature Review

Ravindra

Freifeld

Kalil

et al. 2004

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Although West Nile fever is mild in the vast majority of infected persons, there is growing evidence that the disease may be more severe in the immunocompromised population. We describe 3 recipients of kidney or pancreas transplants who developed West Nile fever, 2 of whom had meningoencephalitis. As is the norm when treating serious infections in transplant recipients, a reduction of immunosuppression was pursued for these patients. Despite the severe nature of the disease in 2 patients, all recovered from the disease. The time course of neurologic recovery in the 2 patients with meningoencephalitis is highlighted. We also review the literature on West Nile fever in organ transplant recipients. In areas where West Nile virus is endemic, one must have a high index of suspicion for the illness when dealing with fever in transplant recipients.

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Section: Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus--Associated Encephalitis in Recipients of Renal and Pancreas Transplants: Case Series and Literature Review

Ravindra

Freifeld

Kalil

et al. 2004

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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“…Other articles have reported cases of WNV infection occurring in SOT recipients (12,15,44,101,158,210,215,265,305,337,383). Most of these cases were community-acquired (de novo) infections or had been acquired through infected blood products.…”

Section: Infections Caused By West Nile Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Tropical and Geographically Restricted Infections during Solid-Organ Transplantation

et al. 2008

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SUMMARY In recent years, the increasing number of donors from different regions of the world is providing a new challenge for the management and selection of suitable donors. This is a worldwide problem in most countries with transplantation programs, especially due to the increase in immigration and international travel. This paper elaborates recommendations regarding the selection criteria for donors from foreign countries who could potentially transmit tropical or geographically restricted infections to solid-organ transplant recipients. For this purpose, an extensive review of the medical literature focusing on viral, fungal, and parasitic infections that could be transmitted during transplantation from donors who have lived or traveled in countries where these infections are endemic has been performed, with special emphasis on tropical and imported infections. The review also includes cases described in the literature as well as risks of transmission during transplantation, microbiological tests available, and recommendations for each infection. A table listing different infectious agents with their geographic distributions and specific recommendations is included.

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“…Transplant recipients are at higher risk than the general population for meningoencephalitis after exposure (213)(214)(215)(216)(217). In West Nile virus endemic regions, donors should be tested for West Nile virus.…”

Section: West Nile Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Infection in the Renal Transplant Recipient

Kotton

Fishman²

2005

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

200

181

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Viruses are among the most common causes of opportunistic infection after transplantation and the most important. The risk for viral infection is a function of the specific virus encountered, the intensity of immune suppression used to prevent graft rejection, and other host factors governing susceptibility. Viral infection, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, causes the "direct effects" of invasive disease and "indirect effects," including immune suppression predisposing to other opportunistic infections and oncogenesis. Rapid and sensitive microbiologic assays for many of the common viruses after transplantation have replaced, for the most part, serologic testing and in vitro cultures for the diagnosis of infection. Furthermore, quantitative molecular tests allow the individualization of antiviral therapies for prevention and treatment of infection. This advance is most prominent in the management of cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C viruses. Diagnostic advances have not been accompanied by the development of specific and nontoxic anti-viral agents or effective antiviral vaccines. Vaccines, where available, should be given to patients as early as possible and well in advance of transplantation to optimize the immune response. Studies of viral latency, reactivation, and the cellular effects of viral infection will provide clues for future strategies in prevention and treatment of viral infections.

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West Nile Virus-Associated Meningoencephalitis in Two Chronically Immunosuppressed Renal Transplant Recipients

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

West Nile Virus--Associated Encephalitis in Recipients of Renal and Pancreas Transplants: Case Series and Literature Review

West Nile Virus--Associated Encephalitis in Recipients of Renal and Pancreas Transplants: Case Series and Literature Review

Transmission of Tropical and Geographically Restricted Infections during Solid-Organ Transplantation

Viral Infection in the Renal Transplant Recipient

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