Westward ho-the China dream and ‘one belt, one road’: Chinese foreign policy under Xi Jinping

Ferdinand, Peter

doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12660

Cited by 419 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Instead, the MSRI is represented as a project that would boost world trade and benefit all the countries directly involved and the world economy in general. 59 Interestingly, a comparison could be made with the United States between the two world wars and China's promotion of the MSRI. In 1928, geographer and government advisor Isaiah Bowman began the preface to the fourth edition of his textbook The New World: Problems in Political Geography with these words:…”

Section: Thinking About the Msri Through A Geopolitical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

The Geopolitics of China’s Maritime Silk Road Initiative

2017

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China's "One Belt, One Road" project is comprised of two components: the Maritime Silk Road Initiative (MSRI) and the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB)-that were announced separately in 2013. Each component has the potential to transform the global geopolitical landscape through the construction of interrelated infrastructure projects including ports, highways, railways and pipelines. Such hard infrastructure requires the complementary construction of soft infrastructure, such as free trade and investment agreements, and other accords. We introduce a special section focusing specifically on the geopolitics of the MSRI that stems from a workshop hosted in November 2015 in Shanghai. The origins, scope and content of the MSRI are described, along with a summary of the current literature discussing the project, and dominant geopolitical representations. The MSRI is a geopolitical project that involves a number of actors (governments, private companies and Chinese state-owned enterprises) at a number of geographic scales (cities, provinces, states and continents). Arrghi's twin logics of territorial and economic power help frame and connect the papers of the special section to illustrate the complexity and dynamism of the geopolitics of the MSRI. The articles provide insights into the geopolitics of a large connectivity project.

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Section: Thinking About the Msri Through A Geopolitical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

The Geopolitics of China’s Maritime Silk Road Initiative

2017

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“…In the West in particular, Xi Jinping has been seen as a political "game-changer" in China's international direction, as bringing a far more authoritarian and personality-centric style of leadership to the Chinese Communist Party compared to the "collective leadership" styles of Deng, Jiang, and Hu (Ferdinand 2016). Possessing a background in the military through time spent in the Central Military Commission, Xi is also seen to have a far greater interest in military issues and reform than his predecessors (Weissmann 2015).…”

Section: -2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dream has been associated with a more activist Chinese foreign policy focused on sustainable development, soft-power self-promotion initiatives like the Beijing Olympics, and developingworld infrastructure projects such as the "One Belt One Road" policy -all of which require a international order with clear rules for China to work within (Ferdinand 2016) :…”

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confidence: 99%

Am I my brother’s peacekeeper? Strategic cultures and change among major troop contributors to United Nations peacekeeping

Libben

2017

Canadian Foreign Policy Journal

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AcknowledgementsFirst and foremost, I would like to dedicate this dissertation to my parents, whose example inspired me to start a doctorate in the first place and without whose support I would not have been able to complete this thesis. To my mother, who read the first draft and the last draft, and who provided invaluable advice and suggestions every step of the way. To my father, who has been an academic and intellectual role model throughout my life, and provides a constant reminder to me to never stop being curious. To my sister, who has been a source both of academic inspiration and commiseration, and who helped me see the light at the end of the Ph.D.tunnel when things seemed dark. To my supervisors, Dr. Claire Turenne-Sjolander and Dr. Miguel de Larrinaga, who supported my ideas from the start and who helped me navigate my way to a final draft. To my friend Doug, who has always been there to listen to my triumphs and defeats, and who has always been willing to talk about the big questions with me. To all my friends, who I have relied on time and again to replenish my energy and regain my perspective.To my wife, who helped me reach the end of this thesis in ways big and small, supporting me with her food, her advice, her love, and her very existence. And to my dog Lyla, who did her best to prevent me from writing this thesis while at the same time reminding me that sometimes it's important to stop writing, get up, and go for a walk.iii Tables Table 1: Summary of the three generations of strategic culture Table 2: Strategic norms concerning the legitimate ends and means of defence policy Table 3: The Peacekeeping Sweet Spot Table 4: Breakdown of scalable strategic norms Table 5: Member States with more than 1,000 peacekeeping troops, 1990-2015 Table 6 With 16 ongoing peacekeeping operations currently deploying almost 100,000 troops, United Nations peacekeeping is the largest single source of multilateral military intervention in conflict zones. Because UN peacekeeping is entirely dependent on voluntary contributions from Member States, there a pressing need to better understand why nations contribute peacekeeping troops in the first place. Individual national rationales for peacekeeping contribution vary significantly, and incentives may include regional hegemonic aspirations, positive economic benefits from peacekeeping, desiring a seat at the Security Council, or a combination of any number of incentives. This has made it difficult to provide a generalized explanation about why states provide peacekeepers. This thesis proposes a model for understanding the peacekeeping contribution issue under the lens of strategic culture. The strategic culture approach focuses on elite beliefs about the objectives of the use of force, with national factors such a geography, history, domestic politics, and bureaucracy forming into cohesive and competing norms about the purpose of the military. Drawing on the fourth generation of strategic culture literature, this dissertation argues that strategic culture serves as an...

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“…Thus, convening of these projects has played a major supporting role in docking two belts. Meanwhile, success will require active and enthusiastic cooperation from many neighbors (see Ferdinand, 2016).…”

Section: China and Russia Having A Full Practical Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Necessity and Feasibility of Docking China's 'the Silk Road Economic Belt' with Russia's 'the Crossing-Eurasian Development Belt'

Xu¹,

Zhang²

2017

Proceedings of the International Conference on Transformations and Innovations in Management

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The Silk Road Economic Belt and the Crossing-Eurasian Development Belt are two strategies which are respectively put forward by China and Russia for the common development of Europe and Asia. As the strategies are both coincident as well as complementary, how to dock these two economic belts has become an important and promising topic. This paper mainly analyzes the necessity and feasibility of docking the Silk Road Economic Belt with the Crossing-Eurasian Development Belt. Firstly, it is concluded that docking these two strategies is a necessary requirement due to the latest global economic background, offering golden opportunities for China and Russia to cooperate further for economic development, as well as benefiting the countries along these two economic belts. Secondly, it is feasible to dock these two strategies from the geopolitical point of view. Meanwhile, the common goal of Russia and China for pursuing national economic benefits and the abundant practical experiences of cooperation between these two countries can greatly enhance the possibility of the success in docking two economic belts. Policy recommendations are given accordingly.

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Westward ho-the China dream and ‘one belt, one road’: Chinese foreign policy under Xi Jinping

Cited by 419 publications

References 2 publications

The Geopolitics of China’s Maritime Silk Road Initiative

The Geopolitics of China’s Maritime Silk Road Initiative

Am I my brother’s peacekeeper? Strategic cultures and change among major troop contributors to United Nations peacekeeping

The Necessity and Feasibility of Docking China's 'the Silk Road Economic Belt' with Russia's 'the Crossing-Eurasian Development Belt'

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