2012
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.07.033
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Wet canopy evaporation from a Puerto Rican lower montane rain forest: The importance of realistically estimated aerodynamic conductance

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Cited by 86 publications
(111 citation statements)
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“…energy limited; Calder, 1998), and therefore the expected increases in ET a due to forest regrowth are not evident in the Q record. However, the interception evaporation component of ET a can be well in excess of PET, particularly on mountainous maritime islands (Schellekens et al, 1999;Roberts et al, 2005;Holwerda et al, 2006Holwerda et al, , 2012McJannet et al, 2007;Giambelluca et al, 2009). Moreover, an insignificant correlation was obtained between forest cover change and mean Q during the dry season (January-March; Q dry ), when PET is not expected to be a limiting factor (Fig.…”
Section: Potential Explanations For the Lack Of Relationshipsmentioning
confidence: 97%
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“…energy limited; Calder, 1998), and therefore the expected increases in ET a due to forest regrowth are not evident in the Q record. However, the interception evaporation component of ET a can be well in excess of PET, particularly on mountainous maritime islands (Schellekens et al, 1999;Roberts et al, 2005;Holwerda et al, 2006Holwerda et al, , 2012McJannet et al, 2007;Giambelluca et al, 2009). Moreover, an insignificant correlation was obtained between forest cover change and mean Q during the dry season (January-March; Q dry ), when PET is not expected to be a limiting factor (Fig.…”
Section: Potential Explanations For the Lack Of Relationshipsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…40 yr of regeneration . Total actual evaporation (ET a ) of mature upland forest in the maritime tropical climate of Puerto Rico is high compared to tropical continental sites (Schellekens et al, 2000), mostly because of enhanced wetcanopy evaporation rates (Holwerda et al, 2006(Holwerda et al, , 2012, and the same may well apply to the island's secondary forests (cf. Giambelluca, 2002).…”
Section: Study Areamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The physical process of interception loss differs from that of transpiration on its sensitivity to environmental and climatic variables: the rates and magnitude of interception are dictated by the aerodynamic properties of the vegetation stand and the occurrence and characteristics of rainfall (Horton, 1919). In fact, while solar radiation is usually the main supply of energy for transpiration and soil evaporation (Wild and Liepert, 2010), the source of energy powering interception loss is still debated (Holwerda et al, 2011;van Dijk et al, 2015). This limited process understanding, together with the scarcity of ground measurements for validation, makes interception loss particularly challenging to model.…”
Section: Partitioning Of Evaporation Into Separate Componentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…MOST tends to become uncertain on rough surfaces due to a breakdown of the similarity relationships for heat and water vapour transfer in the roughness sub-layer, which results in an underestimation of the 'true' gA by a factor 1-3 (Holwerda et al, 2012a;van Dijk 15 et al, 2015a;Simpson et al, 1998). Since gA is the main anchor in SEBS, an underestimation of gA would lead to an underestimation of sensible heat flux and an overestimation of ET (Gokmen et al, 2012;Paul et al, 2014).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Compensating these temperature and roughness length disparities consequently led to the inception of the kB -1 term as a fitting parameter (Verhoef et al, 1997a), and later the progress of the two-source ET model (Kustas and Norman, 1997;Norman et al, 1995;Anderson et al, 2011). Although useful, the above approaches still rely on 5 empirical response functions of roughness components to characterize gA that has an uncertain transferability in space and time (Holwerda et al, 2012b;van Dijk et al, 2015b). In contemporary SEB modeling, gA sub-models are stand-alone and lack the necessary physical feedbacks between the conductances, T0, and D0 to 'close' the surface energy balance.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%