What can experimental studies tell us about paranoia and anxiety? A systematic review with implications for theory and clinical practice

Bennetts, Alison; Stopa, Lusia; Newman‐Taylor, Katherine

doi:10.1080/17522439.2021.1909112

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…On the other hand, ideas of persecution involve experiencing thoughts related to the belief that others are intentionally causing harm or conspiring against them. Considering that paranoid thoughts can be perceived as threatening, they are primarily be associated with fear and anxiety (Bennetts et al, 2022). For individuals with a pronounced hostile attribution bias, feelings of anger may be more prominent as these individuals tend to respond aggressively to perceived provocations (Bondü et al, 2016;Zajenkowska et al, 2020).…”

Section: Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the understanding of the core of general Personality Disorder factor: g-PD and its relation to hostile attributions

Zajenkowska,

Nowakowska,

Cieciuch

et al. 2024

Preprint

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There is a general consensus that personality disorders (PDs) share a general factor (g-PD) overlapping with the general factor of psychopathology (p-factor). The general psychopathology factor is related to many social dysfunctions, but its nature still remains to some extent ambiguous. We posit that hostile attributions may be explanatory for the factor common for all PDs, i.e., interpersonal problems and difficulty in building long-lasting and satisfying relationships of all kinds. Thus, the main objective of the current project was to expand the existing knowledge about underlying factors of g-PD with regard to hostile attributions. We performed a cross-sectional study on a representative, community sample of Poles (N = 1031). Our hypotheses were primarily confirmed as hostile attributions predicted p-factor. However, the relation was positive only for hostile attributions related to ambiguous situations involving relational harm and physical harm done by female authorities and negative in case of hostile attributions in situations involving physical harm done by peers. Additionally, paranoia-like thoughts strongly related to hostile attributions and independently predicted g-PD. The results contribute to the current discussion on the nature of the g-PD, confirm that hostile attributions and paranoia are a crucial aspect of personality pathology, and indicate the importance of working on these cognitions in the course of therapeutic work.

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Section: Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the understanding of the core of general Personality Disorder factor: g-PD and its relation to hostile attributions

Zajenkowska,

Nowakowska,

Cieciuch

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Despite the popularity of paranoia induction methodologies, there is currently no meta-analysis of experimental studies of paranoia which can guide researchers in designing and evaluating research in this area. Two recent systematic reviews, one investigating the role of anxiety in paranoia and one investigating a range of causal mechanisms in delusions and hallucinations, included a review of studies using experimental procedures to manipulate paranoia (Bennetts, Stopa, & Newman-Taylor, 2021 ; Brown, Waite, & Freeman, 2019 ). However, these reviews did not meta-analyse the effects of the experimental procedures on outcomes, which is important to establish the size of the effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental studies of paranoid thinking in clinical and nonclinical populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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Paranoia is common in clinical and nonclinical populations, consistent with continuum models of psychosis. A number of experimental studies have been conducted that attempt to induce, manipulate or measure paranoid thinking in both clinical and nonclinical populations, which is important to understand causal mechanisms and advance psychological interventions. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies (non-sleep, non-drug paradigms) on psychometrically assessed paranoia in clinical and nonclinical populations. The review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. Six databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Medline and AMED) were searched for peer-reviewed experimental studies using within and between-subject designs to investigate paranoia in clinical and nonclinical populations. Effect sizes for each study were calculated using Hedge's g and were integrated using a random effect meta-analysis model. Thirty studies were included in the review (total n = 3898), which used 13 experimental paradigms to induce paranoia; 10 studies set out to explicitly induce paranoia, and 20 studies induced a range of other states. Effect sizes for individual studies ranged from 0.03 to 1.55. Meta-analysis found a significant summary effect of 0.51 [95% confidence interval 0.37–0.66, p < 0.001], indicating a medium effect of experimental paradigms on paranoia. Paranoia can be induced and investigated using a wide range of experimental paradigms, which can inform decision-making about which paradigms to use in future studies, and is consistent with cognitive, continuum and evolutionary models of paranoia.

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Predictors of paranoia in the daily lives of people with non-affective psychosis and non-clinical controls: A systematic review of intensive longitudinal studies

Lüdtke,

Hedelt,

Westermann

2023

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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What can experimental studies tell us about paranoia and anxiety? A systematic review with implications for theory and clinical practice

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

Towards the understanding of the core of general Personality Disorder factor: g-PD and its relation to hostile attributions

Towards the understanding of the core of general Personality Disorder factor: g-PD and its relation to hostile attributions

Experimental studies of paranoid thinking in clinical and nonclinical populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Predictors of paranoia in the daily lives of people with non-affective psychosis and non-clinical controls: A systematic review of intensive longitudinal studies

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