What can we learn from natural apomicts?

Baarlen, Peter van; Verduijn, M. H.; Dijk, Peter J. van

doi:10.1016/s1360-1385(98)01367-3

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It has even been suggested that in Hieracium (Koltunow et al, 1998), Taraxacum (van Baarlen et al, 1999;Musiał et al, 2013a) and Chondrilla (Musiał et al, 2013a;Musiał and Kościńska-Pająk, 2013) modifications of the ovule tissue may have facilitated the evolution of apomixis in these genera. No such modifications have been recorded in Rudbeckia (Musiał, unpublished data, in Musiał et al, 2012).…”

Section: Galinsoga Quadriradiatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Anatomy of Ovules in Galinsoga, Solidago and Ratibida (Asteraceae)

Kolczyk¹,

Stolarczyk²,

Płachno³

2015

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia S. Botanica

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Many Asteraceae species have been introduced into horticulture as ornamental or interesting exotic plants. Some of them, including Solidago and Galinsoga, are now aggressive weeds; others such as Ratibida are not. Special modifications of the ovule tissue and the occurrence of nutritive tissue have been described in several Asteraceae species, including invasive Taraxacum species. This study examined whether such modifications might also occur in other genera. We found that the three genera examined - Galinsoga (G. quadriradiata), Solidago (S. canadensis, S. rigida, S. gigantea) and Ratibida (R. pinnata) - differed in their nutritive tissue structure. According to changes in the integument, we identified three types of ovules in Asteraceae: “Taraxacum” type (recorded in Taraxacum, Bellis, Solidago, Chondrilla), with well-developed nutritive tissue having very swollen cell walls of spongy structure; “Galinsoga” type (in Galinsoga), in which the nutritive tissue cells have more cyto-plasm and thicker cell walls than the other integument parenchyma cells, and in which the most prominent character of the nutritive tissue cells is well-developed rough ER; and “Ratibida” type (in Ratibida), in which the nutritive tissue is only slightly developed and consists of large highly vacuolated cells. Our study and future investigations of ovule structure may be useful in phylogenetic analyses.

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Section: Galinsoga Quadriradiatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Anatomy of Ovules in Galinsoga, Solidago and Ratibida (Asteraceae)

Kolczyk¹,

Stolarczyk²,

Płachno³

2015

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia S. Botanica

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“…Among the angiosperms, such an alternative way of reproduction can involve specific somatic cell divisions (vegetative reproduction) or parthenogenetic development of their seeds (agamospermy or apomixis), while in asexual animals parthenogenesis is the rule rather than the exception (Asker and Jerling, 1992;Beukeboom and Vrijenhoek, 1998). Asexual reproduction in both higher plants and animals is generally associated with polyploidy (Mogie, 1986;Mogie, 1988;Beukeboom and Vrijenhoek, 1998;van Baarlen et al, 1999), although these traits do not always coexist (Asker and Jerling, 1992). Both allo-and autopolyploid complexes may be involved with asexuality, and a number of explanations have been put forth to explain their association, including allelic dosage and control, escape from sterility, heterosis and shorter meiotic cycles (see Mogie, 1986;Asker and Jerling, 1992;Carman, 1997).…”

confidence: 99%

Is the aneuploid chromosome in an apomictic <i>Boechera holboellii</i> a genuine B chromosome?

Sharbel

Voigt

Mitchell-Olds

et al. 2004

Cytogenet Genome Res

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The Boechera holboellii complex comprises B. holboellii and B. drummondii, both of which can reproduce through sex or apomixis. Sexuality is associated with diploidy, whereas apomictic individuals can either be diploid, aneuploid or triploid. Aneuploid individuals are found in geographically and genetically distinct populations and contain a single extra chromosome. It is unknown whether the supernumerary chromosomes are shared by common descent (single origin) or have originated via introgressive hybridizations associated with the repeated transition from diploidy to triploidy. Diploid plants containing the extra chromosome(s) reproduce apomictically, suggesting that the supernumerary elements are associated with apomixis. In this study we compared flow cytometry data, chromosome morphology, and DNA sequences of sexual diploid and apomictic aneuploids in order to establish whether the extra chromosome fits the classical concept of a B chromosome. Karyotype analyses revealed that the supernumerary chromosome in the metaphase complement is heterochromatic and often smaller than the A chromosomes, and differs in length between apomictic plants from different populations. DNA sequence analyses furthermore demonstrated elevated levels of non-synonymous substitutions in one of the alleles, likely that on the aneuploid chromosome. Although the extra chromosome in apomictic Boechera does not go through normal reductional meiosis, in which it may get eliminated or accumulated by a B-chromosome-specific process, its variable size and heterochromatic nature does meet the remaining criteria for a genuine B chromosome in other species. Its prevalence and conserved genetic composition nonetheless implies that this chromosome, if truly a B, may be atypical with respect to its influence on its carriers.

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“…Goldenberg & Shepherd (1998) confirmam que as espécies apomíticas possuem maior habilidade em colonizar ambientes inóspitos, apresentando uma distribuição mais ampla que as não apomíticas. Estudos que possibilitem a implantação da apomixia em plantas agrícolas já são amplamente discutidos, prometendo grandes benefícios econômicos e sociais (Grossniklaus et al 1998, Van Baarlen et al 1999. Esses interesses certamente serão estendidos a plantas com outras aplicabilidades como as medicinais, as de importância na indústria madeireira, no reflorestamento de áreas degradadas e as ornamentais.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Conhecendo-se a origem dos embriões supranumerários em T. ochracea e sua freqüência, pode-se inferir a natureza clonal ou sexual das plântulas produzidas. Tal conhecimento tem uso potencial na silvicultura, uma vez que caracteres úteis podem ser facilmente fixados em populações apomíticas (Grossniklaus et al 1998, Van Baarlen et al 1999). Dados embriológicos de T. ochracea também podem fornecer subsídios para trabalhos filogenéticos e taxonômicos na família.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Poliembrionia e aspectos da embriogênese em Tabebuia ochracea (Chamisso) Standley (Bignoniaceae)

Costa¹,

Sampaio²,

Paoli³

et al. 2004

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Polyembryony and aspects of embryogenesis in Tabebuia ochracea (Chamisso) Standley (Bignoniaceae)). The origin of the extranumerary embryos and the embryogeny of Tabebuia ochracea were analysed. Extranumerary apomictic embryos are of adventitious origin from hypostase cells and from the integument of ovule micropilar region. The embryogeny corresponds to Onagrad type. Among 233 dissected seeds, 81.37% presented polyembryony and up to seven embryos were detected in a single seed. Sexual and adventitious embryos can develop together in a single seed. Some of the adventitious embryos show severe morphoanatomical anomalies that can affect their development into seedlings.Key words -apomixis, Bignoniaceae, polyembryony, Tabebuia ochracea RESUMO -(Poliembrionia e aspectos da embriogênese em Tabebuia ochracea (Chamisso) Standley (Bignoniaceae)). A origem dos embriões supranumerários e a embriogenia de Tabebuia ochracea foram analisadas. Embriões supranumerários apomíticos têm origem adventícia a partir de células da hipóstase e do tegumento da região micropilar do óvulo. A embriogenia corresponde ao tipo Onagrado. Das 233 sementes dissecadas 81,37% apresentaram poliembrionia e foram encontrados até sete embriões em uma mesma semente. Aparentemente, embriões sexuais e adventícios podem se desenvolver juntos, numa mesma semente. Alguns dos embriões adventícios apresentam alterações morfoanatômicas graves que podem prejudicar seu desenvolvimento em plântulas.

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What can we learn from natural apomicts?

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Comparative Anatomy of Ovules in Galinsoga, Solidago and Ratibida (Asteraceae)

Comparative Anatomy of Ovules in Galinsoga, Solidago and Ratibida (Asteraceae)

Is the aneuploid chromosome in an apomictic <i>Boechera holboellii</i> a genuine B chromosome?

Poliembrionia e aspectos da embriogênese em Tabebuia ochracea (Chamisso) Standley (Bignoniaceae)

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