What controls the temperature of the Arctic stratosphere during the spring?

Newman, Paul A.; Nash, Eric R.; Rosenfield, Joan E.

doi:10.1029/2000jd000061

Cited by 343 publications

(445 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In the lower stratosphere temperature is mainly dominated by planetary wave dissipation that deposit momentum modulating the mean flow and the mean meridional circulation (Newman et al 2001;Edmon et al 1980). The Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux and its di vergence are measurements of planetary wave propa gation and dissipation, respectively (Andrews et al 1987).…”

Section: B Dynamical Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Stratospheric Pathway of La Niña

2016

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A Northern Hemisphere (NH) polar stratospheric pathway for La Nina events is established during win tertime based on reanalysis data for the 1958-2012 period. A robust polar stratospheric response is observed in the NH during strong La Nina events, characterized by a significantly stronger and cooler polar vortex. Significant wind anomalies reach the surface, and a robust impact on the North Atlantic-European (NAE) region is observed. A dynamical analysis reveals that the stronger polar stratospheric winds during La Nina winters are due to reduced upward planetary wave activity into the stratosphere. This finding is the result of destructive interference between the climatological and the anomalous La Nina tropospheric stationary eddies over the Pacific-North American region.In addition, the lack of a robust stratospheric signature during La Nina winters reported in previous studies is investigated. It is found that this is related to the lower threshold used to detect the events, which signature is consequently more prone to be obscured by the influence of other sources of variability. In particular, the occurrence of stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs), partly linked to the phase of the quasi-biennial oscil lation, modulates the observed stratospheric signal. In the case of La Nina winters defined by a lower threshold, a robust stratospheric cooling is found only in the absence of SSWs. Therefore, these results highlight the importance of using a relatively restrictive threshold to define La Nina events in order to obtain a robust surface response in the NAE region through the stratosphere.

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Section: B Dynamical Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To provide further insight into the mechanism related to the lack of wave activity penetrating into the strato sphere, we focus on the zonal mean eddy meridional heat flux, which is the main contributor to the vertical com ponent of the EP flux (Newman et al 2001). Similar notation to that of Nishii et al (2009) has been used.…”

Section: B Dynamical Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stratospheric Pathway of La Niña

2016

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“…Cold stratospheric polar temperatures are preceded by a period of lowered upward WAF (WAFz) into the stratosphere (Newman et al, 2001;Polvani and Waugh, 2004), with stratospheric response to anomalous flux delayed by 30-45 days. Therefore anomalous tropospheric conditions in the preceding month are the most relevant.…”

Section: The 500 Mb Tropospheric Circulation During Cold Stratospherimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The late-winter temperature in the lower polar stratosphere has been shown to correlate with the cumulated zonally averaged meridional eddy heat flux at the base of the stratosphere (Waugh et al, 1999;Newman et al, 2001;Karpetchko and Nikulin, 2004;Kim and Choi, 2006). The highly variable wave amplitudes and fluxes in the troposphere, and the varying conditions under which they can propagate both vertically and meridionally in the stratosphere contribute to the high interannual and intraseasonal variability of the Northern Hemisphere polar temperatures and vortex (Manney et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of the Northern Hemisphere polar stratospheric cloud potential: the role of North Pacific disturbances

Orsolini

Karpechko

Nikulin

2009

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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ABSTRACT:The potential of the Arctic stratosphere to sustain the formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) is a key factor in determining the amount of ozone destroyed each winter, and is often measured as a 'PSC volume'. The latter quantity has been shown to closely follow a near-linear compact relationship with winter-averaged column ozone loss, and displays a high variability from monthly to decadal time-scales. We examine the connection between meteorological conditions in the troposphere and the variability of lower polar stratospheric temperatures over the last four decades, and specifically, conditions leading to a high PSC volume. In addition to the well-established connection between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the polar vortex, we demonstrate the large influence of precursory disturbances over the North Pacific and the Far East, the region of maximum climatological upward wave activity flux. Namely, very high monthly PSC volume (in the top 12%) predominantly follows the development of positive tropospheric height anomalies over the Far East, which lead to a weakening of the background planetary wave trough, and lessened upward wave activity flux into the stratosphere. Precursory anomalies over the Far East are reminiscent of East Asian monsoon amplification episodes.

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“…[15] Temperature variability depends on tropospheric wave driving of the stratosphere [Newman et al, 2001]. Figure 3 includes a measure of the wave driving: 100 hPa meridional eddy heat flux (blue line).…”

Section: Dynamical Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the size of the Antarctic ozone hole

Newman

Kawa

Nash

2004

Geophysical Research Letters

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104

114

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[1] A primary estimate of the severity of the Antarctic ozone hole is its size. The size is calculated from the area contained by total column ozone values less than 220 Dobson Units (DU) during September -October. The 220-DU value is used because it is lower than pre-1980 observed ozone values, and because it is in the strong ozone gradient region. We quantitatively show that the ozone hole size is primarily sensitive to effective stratospheric chlorine trends, and secondarily to the year-to-year variations in temperatures near the edge of the polar vortex. Temperatures are in turn sensitive to variations in tropospheric planetary wave forcing of the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere. Currently the average hole size reaches approximately 25 million km 2 each spring. Slow decreases of ozone depleting substances will only result in a decrease of about 1 million km 2 by 2015. This slow size decrease will be obscured by large dynamically forced year-to-year variations of 4 million km 2 (1s), and possibly delayed by greenhouse gas cooling of the Antarctic stratosphere.

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What controls the temperature of the Arctic stratosphere during the spring?

Cited by 343 publications

References 37 publications

The Stratospheric Pathway of La Niña

The Stratospheric Pathway of La Niña

Variability of the Northern Hemisphere polar stratospheric cloud potential: the role of North Pacific disturbances

On the size of the Antarctic ozone hole

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