What Determinants Are Needed to Hookah Smoking Control: a Qualitative Study

Abstract

Background: There is evidence that HS is correlated with severe diseases. The present research aims to explore the determinants of hookah smoking (HS) control in Bandar Abbas city in the south of Iran.Method: This study is the first qualitative conventional content analysis of the determinants of hookah smoking (HS) control between 2018 and 2019. The participants were 62 in number (21 women with a history of failed cessation, 20 with successful cessation and 21 experts in tobacco consumption control) were selected purposively to take part in a semi-structured interview. An interview guide was followed and the interviews continued until data saturation. The interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. MAXQDA 10.0 was used for data analysis.Results: The participants. Overall, 5 main themes were extracted: Employing trusted influentials to address HS, Controlling HS by alternative services, Changing beliefs and attitudes toward HS, Executing administrative and regulatory measures, Facilitating HS cessation.Conclusion: The results revealed that the key determinants of controlling hookah smoking are wide and varied. They are also multi-dimensional and include different environmental, social and political factors. Controlling hookah smoking can be only effective when all individual, inter-individual, social, political and organizational determinants are considered.