What do coal geochemistry statistics really mean?

Xu, Na; Finkelman, Robert B.; Xu, Chen; Dai, Shifeng

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117084

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Statistical methods (e.g., Pearson correlation and cluster analysis) are commonly performed for determining the occurrence mode of trace elements, although they have some limitations. The elemental affinities support from direct methods (e.g., SEM-EDS) contribute to more accurate results. − The statistical methods were combined with direct SEM-EDS analysis in this paper. Manganese, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Cs, Tl, and Pb are positively correlated to the ash yield, total sulfur, and Fe 2 O 3 (Figure ), while they were negatively correlated to the total C and N content of the studied samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of the Li–Sr-Enriched Coal in the Wenjiaba Mine, Guizhou, SW China

Ning

Qiao

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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This paper reports the mineralogical and geochemical compositions of C6 coal in the Late Permian Longtan Formation of the Wenjiaba Mine, Northern Guizhou in southwest (SW) China. The geochemical and mineralogical studies are the basis for the potential recovery of critical metals. The Longtan Formation, which is one of the major coal-bearing strata in SW China, contains dozens of coal seams. C6 coal is the main mineable coal seam in the Wenjiaba Mine and the whole coalfield. Proximate and ultimate analyses, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry on trace and major element concentrations, and X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDS analyses were carried out. Results suggest that this anthracite coal is characterized by low ash yield and medium sulfur content. The minerals are mainly composed of clay minerals (kaolinite, chlorite, illite, and mixed-layer illite/smectite), pyrite, and carbonates. Lithium is significantly enriched in C6 coal, with an average of 124 μg/g, and it has a higher concentration in the lower portion of the coal seam than that in the upper one. Strontium is significantly enriched in samples WJB-05 and WJB-06, with concentrations of 3030 and 4580 μg/g, respectively, but it is normal or just slightly enriched in other benches of C6 coal. Additionally, Cu, Nb, and Ta are slightly enriched in the coal. Lithium, dominantly hosted by kaolinite in C6 coals, has a recovery potential. Celestine is one of the major Sr-bearing minerals in C6 coal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of the Li–Sr-Enriched Coal in the Wenjiaba Mine, Guizhou, SW China

Ning

Qiao

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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“…Lithostratigraphic division of the Carboniferous succession of Western Europe (after Jureczka and Kotas, 1995;Porzycki and Zdanowski, 1995;Heckel and Clayton, 2006). basement rocks These methods include correlation coefficients and other multivariate statistical techniques, such as principle component analysis or cluster analysis (e.g., Finkelman, 1981a, b;Dai et al, 2005Dai et al, , 2008Dai et al, , 2020Eskenazy et al, 2010;Geboy et al, 2013;Xu et al, 2020;. However, it should be noted that there are some limitations in using statistical analyses for modes of occurrence of elements.…”

Section: Critical Elements Relationships For the Studied Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, when analyzing elements in coal, the sample population should include coals of a narrow ash yield interval and representing the same stratigraphic horizon. Proper sample selection will reduce the possibility that statistical analysis of the data suggests impossible element relationships (Eskenazy et al, 2010;Xu et al, 2020Xu et al, , 2021. It is also very important that the number of samples should be large enough so that the results obtained are statistically significant (Eskenazy et al, 2010) In these studies, statistical analyses were performed separately for two populations of clastic sedimentary rocks from two different coal basins (USCB and LCB).…”

Section: Critical Elements Relationships For the Studied Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Selected Critical Elements in the Carboniferous Coal‐bearing Series of the Upper Silesian and Lublin Coal Basins (Poland)

Krzeszowska

Kokowska-Pawłowska

Krzeszowski

2022

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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The distribution of selected critical elements in the sedimentary rocks of the Carboniferous coal‐bearing series within the Polish Coal Basins is presented. Critical elements such as Be, Mg, Si, P, Sc, V, Co, Y, Nb, In, Sb, La, Ce, Hf, Ta, W, Bi were analysed using inductively‐coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). Concentrations of elements such as Sb, Bi, In and, to a slightly lesser extent, Nb, as well as Sc, show average concentrations higher than those from the upper continental crust. The average concentrations of elements like Hf, Mg, P, Y, La, and Ce are slightly lower than in the upper continental crust. Other elements, such as Be, Co, Si, Ta, W and V have average concentrations that are similar, but slightly enriched or slightly depleted, relative to the upper continental crust. The research showed enrichment of some critical elements in the analysed samples, but not high enough that extraction would be economically viable. Statistical methods, which include correlation coefficients between elements and cluster analysis, reveal a strong positive correlation between elements like Be, Bi, Nb, Sc, Ta, W and V. Very high, almost total, positive correlation is also noted between La and Ce.

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“…However, the analysis method of correlation analysis should also be noted, because element correlations are dependent on the homogeneity of the population, the number of samples, and the elements determined. A good selection of samples would decrease the possibility that the statistical manipulation of the data would suggest an impossible element relationships [70,74]. Figure 7a,b shows the correlations (r) of ash yield with major element oxides, and trace elements, respectively.…”

Section: Affinity Of the Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of Carboniferous–Permian Coal from the Wujiawan Mine, Datong Coalfield, Northern China: Modes of Occurrence, Origin of Valuable Trace Elements, and Potential Industrial Utilization

Xiao

Zhang

et al. 2020

Minerals

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This paper provides new geochemical data focusing on valuable elements in the coal, parting, and floor samples in the No. 5 coal seam of the Taiyuan Formation from the Wujiawan mine, Datong coalfield, northern China. The minerals mainly consist of kaolinite, calcite, and pyrite, as well as trace amounts of quartz and illite. The No. 5 coal is enriched in Li, Ga, high field strength elements (HFSEs), and rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) when compared with world hard coals. Of particular interest is the high average concentration of Li (67.66 μg/g), which is around seven times higher than the value for world hard coals. Lithium, Ga, and HFSEs have strong inorganic affinities, whereas REY have organic affinities. The main carrier of Li, Ga, and HFSEs is aluminosilicate minerals, while REY appear to occur with organophosphorus. These HFSEs are enriched, both in the parting and in the adjacent coal samples. This suggests that these elements are likely to leach out during the diagenetic process. The distribution patterns of REY, along with the ratio of Al2O3/TiO2 and the figure of Zr/TiO2 vs. Nb/Y are suggestive of their derivation from felsic parent material. In the northern and eastern part of the Datong coalfield, there are several regions where the Li content is higher than the mineable grade, in particular in the northern Datong coalfield where there is a mine with an Li content of 294.6 μg/g. This is significantly higher than the mineable grade. Therefore, there is a potential for financially viable recovery of Li in these coals of the Datong coalfield.

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What do coal geochemistry statistics really mean?

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of the Li–Sr-Enriched Coal in the Wenjiaba Mine, Guizhou, SW China

Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of the Li–Sr-Enriched Coal in the Wenjiaba Mine, Guizhou, SW China

Distribution of Selected Critical Elements in the Carboniferous Coal‐bearing Series of the Upper Silesian and Lublin Coal Basins (Poland)

Geochemistry of Carboniferous–Permian Coal from the Wujiawan Mine, Datong Coalfield, Northern China: Modes of Occurrence, Origin of Valuable Trace Elements, and Potential Industrial Utilization

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