“…The digitalization of society cuts through the entire education system (e.g. Deeva, Bogdanova, et al, 2021;Flores et al, 2022;Josefsson & Willermark, 2022;Olofsson et al, 2021;Pareto & Willermark, 2014Willermark & Islind, 2022a, 2022bWinman et al, 2018). It is therefore not surprising that learning analytics and educational data mining have arisen as important research fields in the last decades to enhance education at all levels (Deeva, Willermark, et al, 2021;Willermark et al, 2022).…”