What if it really was an accident? The psychology of unintentional doping

Chan, Derwin King Chung; Ntoumanis, Nikos; Gucciardi, Daniel F.; Donovan, Robert J.; Dimmock, James A.; Hardcastle, Sarah J.; Hagger, Martin S.

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-094678

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Accidental doping assumes no intention to use doping substances and that doping occurs because of lack of knowledge, blissful ignorance or carelessness. The limited research available on avoiding inadvertent doping builds on theories of self-determination, planned behaviour and self-regulation [44][45][46]. In contrast, deliberate doping is controlled and goal oriented.…”

Section: Motivations For Doping and Anti-doping At The Individual Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can We Better Integrate the Role of Anti-Doping in Sports and Society? A Psychological Approach to Contemporary Value-Based Prevention

Petróczi¹,

Norman²,

Brueckner³

2017

Acute Topics in Anti-Doping

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In sport, a wide array of substances with established or putative performance-enhancing properties is used. Most substances are fully acceptable, whilst a defined set, revised annually, is prohibited; thus, using any of these prohibited substances is declared as cheating. In the increasingly tolerant culture of pharmacological and technical human enhancements, the traditional normative approach to anti-doping, which involves telling athletes what they cannot do to improve their athletic ability and performance, diverges from the otherwise positive values attached to human improvement and enhancement in society. Today, doping is the epitome of conflicting normative expectations about the goal (performance enhancement) and the means by which the goal is achieved (use of drugs). Owing to this moral-functional duality, addressing motivations for doping avoidance at the community level is necessary, but not sufficient, for effective doping prevention. Relevant and meaningful anti-doping must also recognise and respect the values of those affected, and consolidate them with the values underpinning structural, community level anti-doping. Effective anti-doping efforts are pragmatic, positive, preventive, and proactive. They acknowledge the progressive nature of how a "performance mindset" forms in parallel with the career transition to elite level, encompasses all levels and abilities, and directly addresses the reasons behind doping use with tangible solutions. For genuine integration into sport and society, anti-doping should consistently engage athletes and other stakeholders in developing positive preventive strategies to ensure that anti-doping education not only focuses on the intrinsic values associated with the spirit of sport but also recognises the values attached to performance enhancement, addresses the pressures athletes are under, and meets their needs for practical solutions to avoid doping. Organisations involved in anti- doping should avoid the image of "controlling" but, instead, work in partnerships with all stakeholders to involve and ensure integration of the targeted individuals in global community-based preventive interventions.

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Section: Motivations For Doping and Anti-doping At The Individual Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can We Better Integrate the Role of Anti-Doping in Sports and Society? A Psychological Approach to Contemporary Value-Based Prevention

Petróczi¹,

Norman²,

Brueckner³

2017

Acute Topics in Anti-Doping

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“…Complementing steroid profiling and, prospectively, the steroidal module of the ABP, with additional urinary testosterone metabolites necessitates the knowledge of factors potentially affecting the measurands' concentrations. In a study focusing on cysteine-conjugated testosterone metabolites, Fabregat et al studied the chemical and biological/physiological stability of 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (Δ [1] -AED), 4,6-androstadiene-3,17dione (Δ [6] -AED), 4,6-androstadien-17β-ol-3-one (Δ [6] -T), and 15androstene-3,17-dione (Δ [15] -AD) as their cysteine conjugates. [78] No effect resulting from the aforementioned UGT2B17 genotype was observed, but moderate temperature-and freeze/thaw cycle induced degradation as well as infradian and pregnancy-related variability were reported and considered similar to those known from established steroid profile parameters such as the T/EpiT ratio.…”

Section: Steroid Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The world of sport has been confronted with a substantial number of anti‐doping rule violations and associated scandals in the past 12 months. This situation was epitomized by the alleged existence of government‐supported doping programs (similar to those of the former German Democratic Republic) but also by cases of unusual pharmacokinetics of the recently prohibited drug meldonium and the inadvertent administration of doping agents . The gravitas of such cases is fuelling debate for an overhaul of the global anti‐doping system .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This situation was epitomized by the alleged existence of government-supported doping programs [1,2] (similar to those of the former German Democratic Republic) [3] but also by cases of unusual pharmacokinetics of the recently prohibited drug meldonium [4,5] and the inadvertent administration of doping agents. [6,7] The gravitas of such cases is fuelling debate for an overhaul of the global anti-doping system. [8] The current approach, commonly referred to as the zero-tolerance model, has been challenged and alternatives suggested based on harmreduction principles [9] or the so-called stakeholder-corporate social responsibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Annual banned‐substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing

Thevis

Kuuranne

Geyer

et al. 2017

Drug Testing and Analysis

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There has been an immense amount of visibility of doping issues on the international stage over the past 12 months with the complexity of doping controls reiterated on various occasions. Hence, analytical test methods continuously being updated, expanded, and improved to provide specific, sensitive, and comprehensive test results in line with the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) 2016 Prohibited List represent one of several critical cornerstones of doping controls. This enterprise necessitates expediting the (combined) exploitation of newly generated information on novel and/or superior target analytes for sports drug testing assays, drug elimination profiles, alternative test matrices, and recent advances in instrumental developments. This paper is a continuation of the series of annual banned-substance reviews appraising the literature published between October 2015 and September 2016 concerning human sports drug testing in the context of WADA's 2016 Prohibited List. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Second, although research on doping has revealed a range of important insights, it has predominantly focused on intentional doping. The presence of prohibited substances in licit dietary supplements and foodstuffs and potential misuse of medication suggest inadvertent doping should also be of concern . Deliberate attention is required of athletes to avoid inadvertent doping, and coaches perceived to be high in DCE may be more likely to advise athletes on this.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of coach doping confrontation efficacy and athlete susceptibility to intentional and inadvertent doping

Boardley

Smith

Ntoumanis

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Objectives We tested a conceptually grounded model linking athlete perceptions of strength and conditioning and technical coach doping confrontation efficacy (DCE) with athletes’ doping self‐regulatory efficacy (SRE), doping moral disengagement (MD), and susceptibility to intentional and inadvertent doping. Design Cross‐sectional, correlational. Methods Participants were high‐level athletes (nmale = 532; nfemale = 290) recruited in Australia (n = 261), the UK (n = 300), and the USA (n = 261). All participants completed questionnaires assessing the variables alongside a variant of the randomized response technique to estimate the prevalence of doping. Results The estimated prevalence of intentional doping in the sample was 13.9%. Structural equation modeling established: (a) perceptions of technical and strength and conditioning coaches’ DCE positively predicted doping SRE; (b) doping SRE negatively predicted doping MD; (c) doping MD positively predicted susceptibility to intentional and inadvertent doping; and (d) the predictive effects of coach perceptions on susceptibility to doping were mediated by doping SRE and doping MD. Multisample analyses demonstrated these predictive effects were invariant between males and females and across the three countries represented. Conclusions The findings show the conceptually grounded model to offer extended understanding of how multiple individuals within the athlete support personnel network may influence athlete doping.

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What if it really was an accident? The psychology of unintentional doping

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

Can We Better Integrate the Role of Anti-Doping in Sports and Society? A Psychological Approach to Contemporary Value-Based Prevention

Can We Better Integrate the Role of Anti-Doping in Sports and Society? A Psychological Approach to Contemporary Value-Based Prevention

Annual banned‐substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing

Perceptions of coach doping confrontation efficacy and athlete susceptibility to intentional and inadvertent doping

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