What is a hate crime?

Schweppe, Jennifer

doi:10.1080/23311886.2021.1902643

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…There is limited international consensus for how to define behaviors motivated by hate or containing a hate element, which include hate speech, hate incidents and hate crime (Schweppe, 2021). For some, a hate crime is any criminal behavior motivated by hate against protected identities or minority communities (Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights [ODIHR], 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stakeholders have been calling for a mapping of definitions and measurement tools of the whole spectrum of hate behaviors to map the current developments in policy, practice and research (Schweppe, 2021; Sheppard et al, 2021). This mapping will help government and nongovernment stakeholders in North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand inform the next generation of policies, programs, and research, as well as advocacy for improving legislation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

PROTOCOL: Mapping the scientific knowledge and approaches to defining and measuring hate crime, hate speech, and hate incidents

Vergani

Perry

Freilich

et al. 2022

Campbell Systematic Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The overall aim of the review is to map the definitions and measurement tools used to capture the whole spectrum of hate motivated behaviors, including hate crime, hate speech and hate incidents. This will benefit the field of hate studies by providing a baseline that can inform the building of cumulative knowledge and comparative research. The first review objective is to map definitions of hate crime, hate incidents, hate speech, and surrogate terms. Specific research questions underpinning this objective are: (a) How are hate crimes, hate speech and hate incidents defined in the academic, legal, policy, and programming literature?; (b) What are the concepts, parameters and criteria that qualify a behavior as being hate crime, hate incident or hate speech?; and (c) What are the most common concepts, parameters and criteria found across definitions? What are the differences between definitions and the elements they contain? The second review objective is to map the tools used to measure the prevalence of hate crime, hate incidents, hate speech, and surrogate terms. Specific research questions underpinning this objective are: (a) How are definitions operationalised to measure hate crimes, hate speech, and hate incidents?; and (b) How valid and reliable are these measures?

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PROTOCOL: Mapping the scientific knowledge and approaches to defining and measuring hate crime, hate speech, and hate incidents

Vergani

Perry

Freilich

et al. 2022

Campbell Systematic Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Trestné činy z nenávisti Hardy a Chakraborti [2018: 252] charakterizují "trestné činy z nenávisti" jako "politicky a sociálně významný termín, používaný napříč různými disciplínami, společenstvími a hranicemi". Všeobecně přijímaná definice trestných činů z nenávisti neexistuje, pouze shoda na jejich hlavních znacích [Schweppe 2021;Hardy, Chakraborti 2018]. Zaprvé, "trestné činy z nenávisti" označují násilí páchané na lidech "pro jejich identitu či vnímanou ‚jinakost'" [Chakraborti, Garland 2015: 5].…”

Section: Konceptualizace: Od Trestných čInů Z Nenávisti K Ableismuunclassified

“…Vzhledem ke svému zacílení dopadají trestné činy z nenávisti i na další členy skupin ohrožených předsudečným násilím a zpochybňují principy svobody a rovnosti, k nimž se hlásí liberálně-demokratické režimy [Perry 2015]. Kriminalizování předsudečného násilí tuto vyšší újmu reflektuje a stanovuje pro jeho pachatele přísnější tresty [Schweppe 2021].…”

unclassified

Violence, Bias and People with Disabilities: An Introduction to Disablist Hate Crime Research

Walach¹

2024

Czech Sociological Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Violence against disabled people has recently been recognised as an important, albeit neglected research topic. Drawing attention to violence motivated by anti-disability bias, this article offers an introduction to research on disablist hate crime. First, it presents a conceptualisation of hate crime and explains such concepts as disablism and ableism. Second, it discusses the concept of disability/disablist hate crime and analyses four areas that reflect the multifaceted nature of disability hate crime research and the social applications of the concept, ranging from conceptual issues to empirical findings, to political implications. These issues are:(1) vulnerability (a strongly criticised belief that people with disabilities are susceptible to victimisation because of 'their' disabilities); ( 2) invisibility (the under-representation of disablist violence in police statistics); (3) risk (individual and social factors that produce situational vulnerabilities to disablist hate crime); and (4) intervention (measures suggested to prevent disablist hate crime, including the hate crime legislation). Possible future directions of research are outlined in the conclusion.

show abstract

“…Attempts have also been made to legally define (as opposed to criminologically understand) hate crime (see, Walters, 2014;Schweppe, 2021). In doing so it is important to observe that legislatures generally distinguish between criminal expressions of bigotry (hate speech) and the commission of criminal offences with a bias element (hate crime).…”

Section: Understanding Hate and Defining Hate Crimementioning

confidence: 99%

A continuum of hate: delimiting the field of hate studies

Schweppe

Perry

2021

Crime Law Soc Change

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A relatively nascent discipline, the field of hate studies has been explored and theorised from a multiplicity of disciplinary contexts. However, the field is ill-defined, and the relationship between hate crime and other related concepts unexplored. Here, we consider the range of phenomena which might fall within or without the field of hate studies, initiating a discussion of the boundaries of the field. We signal both the continuities and discontinuities among and between an array of strategies intended to sort and maintain hierarchical relationships, with the purpose of provoking scholars in the field of hate studies to reflect on its scope.

show abstract

What is a hate crime?

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

PROTOCOL: Mapping the scientific knowledge and approaches to defining and measuring hate crime, hate speech, and hate incidents

PROTOCOL: Mapping the scientific knowledge and approaches to defining and measuring hate crime, hate speech, and hate incidents

Violence, Bias and People with Disabilities: An Introduction to Disablist Hate Crime Research

A continuum of hate: delimiting the field of hate studies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About