What is conservation physiology? Perspectives on an increasingly integrated and essential science

Cooke, Steven J.; Sack, Lawren; Franklin, Craig E.; Farrell, Anthony P.; Beardall, John; Wikelski, Martin; Chown, Steven Loudon

doi:10.1093/conphys/cot001

Cited by 401 publications

(358 citation statements)

References 246 publications

(277 reference statements)

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“…Glucocorticoid indices are advantageous for investigating stress and disease in wildlife because they provide a mechanistic understanding of the underlying physiological processes mediating the stress response and are being increasingly used in wildlife research (Cooke et al 2013). We now have at our disposal minimally invasive and non-invasive tools to investigate stress and disease in wildlife (Sheriff et al 2011;Hunt et al 2013;Narayan 2013).…”

Section: Approaches To Understand the Relationship Between Stress Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We focussed on glucocorticoids and their metabolites as stress physiology indicators for consistency, and because glucocorticoids provide insights into the mechanisms underpinning the physiological stress response (Cooke et al 2013). Glucocorticoids have been demonstrated to alter physiological, biochemical and behavioural processes to maintain allostasis during exposure to stressors (Sapolsky et al 2000;McEwen 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucocorticoids have been demonstrated to alter physiological, biochemical and behavioural processes to maintain allostasis during exposure to stressors (Sapolsky et al 2000;McEwen 2005). They can also be measured in wildlife by using minimally invasive methods (Sheriff et al 2011) and are widely acknowledged as a practical tool in conservation physiology, wildlife research and management (Cooke et al 2013;Narayan 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between physiological stress and wildlife disease: consequences for health and conservation

et al. 2016

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Wildlife populations are under increasing pressure from a variety of threatening processes, ranging from climate change to habitat loss, that can incite a physiological stress response. The stress response influences immune function, with potential consequences for patterns of infection and transmission of disease among and within wildlife, domesticated animals and humans. This is concerning because stress may exacerbate the impact of disease on species vulnerable to extinction, with consequences for biodiversity conservation globally. Furthermore, stress may shape the role of wildlife in the spread of emerging infectious diseases (EID) such as Hendra virus (HeV) and Ebola virus. However, we still have a limited understanding of the influence of physiological stress on infectious disease in wildlife.We highlight key reasons why an improved understanding of the relationship between stress and wildlife disease could benefit conservation, and animal and public health, and discuss approaches for future investigation. In particular, we recommend that increased attention be given to the influence of anthropogenic stressors including climate change, habitat loss and management interventions on disease dynamics in wildlife populations.Additional keyword: physiology.

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Section: Approaches To Understand the Relationship Between Stress Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between physiological stress and wildlife disease: consequences for health and conservation

et al. 2016

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“…The use of physiological knowledge to inform resource management and conservation strategies (i.e., conservation physiology; Wikelski and Cooke 2006;Cooke and O'Connor 2010;Cooke et al 2013) has great potential for applied fisheries issues (Young et al 2006). However, the application of physiology to fishway science has been limited (Roscoe and Hinch 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Physiology and Relative Swimming Performance of Three Redhorse (Moxostomaspp.) Species: Associations with Fishway Passage Success

Hatry¹,

Thiem²,

Binder³

et al. 2014

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Our understanding of biological criteria to inform fish passage design is limited, partially due to the lack of understanding of biological motivators, cues, and constraints, as well as a lack of biological performance evaluations of structures once they are built. The Vianney-Legendre vertical slot fishway on the Richelieu River, Quebec, Canada, passes large numbers of migrating redhorse (Moxostoma spp.) upriver to spawning grounds each year. We evaluated the physiological capacity and relative swimming ability of three redhorse species (Moxostoma anisurum, Moxostoma carinatum, Moxostoma macrolepidotum; silver, river, and shorthead redhorse, respectively) to determine how these biotic factors relate to variation in fishway passage success and duration. Shorthead redhorse had higher maximum metabolic rates and were faster swimmers than silver and river redhorse at their species-specific peak migration temperatures. Blood lactate and glucose concentrations recovered more quickly for river redhorse than for silver and shorthead redhorse, and river redhorse placed second in terms of metabolic recovery and swim speed. Interestingly, fish sampled from the top of the fishway had nearly identical lactate, glucose, and pH values compared to control fish. Using passive integrated transponders in 2010 and 2012, we observed that passage success and duration were highly variable among redhorse species and were not consistent among years, suggesting that other factors such as water temperature and river flows may modulate passage success. Clearly, additional research is needed to understand how organismal performance, environmental conditions, and other factors (including abundance of conspecifics and other comigrants) interact with fishway features to dictate which fish will be successful and to inform research of future fishways. Our research suggests that there may be an opportunity for a rapid assessment approach where fish chased to exhaustion to determine maximal values of physiological disturbance are compared to fish sampled from the top of the fishway, which could reveal which species (or sizes of fish) are approaching or exceeding their physiological capacity during passage.

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“…Both haematologic and biochemical parameters are good indicators of the metabolic state and are affected by different seasonal processes related to molting, breeding and migration as well as daily fluctuations due to circadian rhythm (Jenni-Eiermann et al, 2002). Moreover, this kind of studies may provide evidence that some physiological responses throughout the annual cycle may be species-specific (Cooke et al, 2013). The bird health status may help to detect possible pathologies (Cafarchia et al, 2006;Galkina, L'vov, Gromashevskiĭ, & Moskvina, 2004), monitor immunological status (L'vov et al, 2007) and complete parasitological surveys (Plutzer & Tomor, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of some haematological and biochemical parameters between two species from the Anatidae family within migration season

Elarabany

2018

JoBAZ

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Background: The study of haematological and biochemical parameters is important to evaluate the physiological status in wild birds. In order to carry out ecophysiological or conservation studies, it is important to know the baseline physiological parameters and how these vary with age, sex and life history events. Results: Haematological parameters including red blood corpuscles (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), haematocrit, haemoglobin and related RBC indices and plasma and biochemical parameters including glucose, lipid profile and liver function tests, kidney function tests and electrolyte concentration reference values were determined in two long-distance migratory species from the family Anatidae, the northern shoveler (Anas clypeata) and Eurasian teal (Anas crecca), during migration season. Data revealed significant inter-species differences for most blood and biochemical parameters. These differences are likely due to different feeding habit, diet and species-specific migration behaviour rather than phylogenetic reasons or different environmental condition as they winter at the same place (Máñez et al., Conservation Monitoring in Freshwater Habitats, 2010). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study that performs a comparative blood analysis on northern shoveler and Eurasian teal during their overwintering period in Manzala Lake, Egypt. Due to the lack of haematological studies on both species during migration, the current results represent a contribution to understanding the physiological adaptations that facilitate the use of different habitats in these species and for establishing reference physiological values and for comparison within the same species, or even with other species in different periods with regard to their use in future conservation efforts or other studies.

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What is conservation physiology? Perspectives on an increasingly integrated and essential science

Cited by 401 publications

References 246 publications

The relationship between physiological stress and wildlife disease: consequences for health and conservation

The relationship between physiological stress and wildlife disease: consequences for health and conservation

Comparative Physiology and Relative Swimming Performance of Three Redhorse (Moxostomaspp.) Species: Associations with Fishway Passage Success

A comparative study of some haematological and biochemical parameters between two species from the Anatidae family within migration season

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