The development of oocytes is a vital process in living organisms, playing a crucial role in both human and animal health. This review aims to provide an in-depth exploration of oocyte morphogenesis, growth phases, maturation, and factors influencing oocyte quality and fertilization capacity. At the same time, this research introduces IVM technology, and focuses on the influencing factors and solutions in the application process. Additionally, this paper delves into key regulatory factors, signaling pathways, as well as the latest research techniques and methodologies concerning female cell development. It not only provides solutions for female diseases such as infertility, but also provides advanced technical means for animal reproduction and breeding.