What is the physiological role of hypothalamic tanycytes in metabolism?

Bolborea, Matei; Langlet, Fanny

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00296.2020

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 101 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, to this complexity in neuronal glucose sensing, there is evidence that astrocytes might participate in the normal response to hypoglycemia 16 . Tanycytes, ependymoglial cells lining the bottom of the third ventricle and that are in direct contact with hypothalamic neurons and blood vessels of the median eminence, also respond to variations in extracellular glucose concentrations, and participate in the control of feeding and glucose homeostasis 17 .…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Glucose Sensing By the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal regulation of glucagon secretion and gluconeogenesis

Thorens

2022

J of Diabetes Invest

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hypoglycemia almost never develops in healthy individuals, because multiple hypoglycemia sensing systems, located in the periphery and in the central nervous system, trigger a coordinated counterregulatory hormonal response to restore normoglycemia. This involves not only the secretion of glucagon, but also of epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol and growth hormone. Increased hepatic glucose production is also stimulated by direct autonomous nervous connections to the liver that stimulate glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. This counterregulatory response, however, becomes deregulated in a significant fraction of diabetes patients that receive insulin therapy. This leads to the risk of developing hypoglycemic episodes, of increasing severity, which negatively impact the quality of life of the patients. How hypoglycemia is detected by the central nervous system is being actively investigated. Recent studies using novel molecular biological, optogenetic and chemogenetic techniques allow the characterization of glucose‐sensing neurons, the mechanisms of hypoglycemia detection, the neuronal circuits in which they are integrated and the physiological responses they control. This review discusses recent studies aimed at identifying central hypoglycemia sensing neuronal circuits, how neurons are activated by hypoglycemia and how they restore normoglycemia.

show abstract

Section: Mechanisms Of Glucose Sensing By the Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal regulation of glucagon secretion and gluconeogenesis

Thorens

2022

J of Diabetes Invest

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This, especially in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, may impair the central negative regulation of thyrotropin (TSH)-releasing hormone (TRH) and TSH secretion, mostly by modulating local T3 levels. The activity of this axis is primarily controlled by the release of TRH from neurons localized in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to portal capillaries, facing chemosensitive DIO2+ tanycytes from the median eminence (ME), a structure at the base of the hypothalamus [ 64 , 65 ]. Notably, hypothalamic microinflammation emerges in early stages of aging and MS [ 64 ], changing the hypothalamic neurochemistry and landscape of supporting cells that regulate neuronal maturation and maintenance [ 66 , 67 ].…”

Section: Thyroid Hormone Modes Of Action In Aging and Age-related Dis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Talk between the Cytokine IL-37 and Thyroid Hormones in Modulating Chronic Inflammation Associated with Target Organ Damage in Age-Related Metabolic and Vascular Conditions

Bosnić

Majnarić

Wittlinger

2022

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chronic inflammation is considered to be the main mechanism contributing to the development of age-related metabolic and vascular conditions. The phases of chronic inflammation that mediate the progression of target organ damage in these conditions are poorly known, however. In particular, there is a paucity of data on the link between chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders. Based on some of our own results and recent developments in our understanding of age-related inflammation as a whole-body response, we discuss the hypothesis that cross-talk between the cytokine IL-37 and thyroid hormones could be the key regulatory mechanism that justifies the metabolic effects of chronic tissue-related inflammation. The cytokine IL-37 is emerging as a strong natural suppressor of the chronic innate immune response. The effect of this cytokine has been identified in reversing metabolic costs of chronic inflammation. Thyroid hormones are known to regulate energy metabolism. There is a close link between thyroid function and inflammation in elderly individuals. Nonlinear associations between IL-37 and thyroid hormones, considered within the wider clinical context, can improve our understanding of the phases of chronic inflammation that are associated with target organ damage in age-related metabolic and vascular conditions.

show abstract

“…21 Notably, long-term hypothalamic development can be affected by prolonged neurogenesis e.g., based on special neural stem cells called tanycytes, which are also supposed to regulate food intake and energy expenditure. [54][55][56] These cells are located both along the lateral walls near to growth-related nuclei and at the floor of the third ventricle, namely nearby the INF.VM + subunit. Their neurogenesis is controlled e.g., by neurotrophic factors like brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 57 or nutrition and the endocrine system, including metabolic hormones such as leptin, insulin, ghrelin, and IGF-1.…”

Section: Distinct Long-term Growth Trajectories and Hypothalamus Subu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower hypothalamus subunit volumes link with long-term growth failure after preterm birth: a longitudinal case-control study

Ruzok

Schmitz‐Koep

Menegaux

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Preterm birth is associated with an increased risk for impaired growth. While it is known that in prematurity several somatic to environmental factors such as endocrine factors or nutrition modulate short- and long-term growth failure, the contribution of potentially impaired growth control in the brain remains elusive. We hypothesized that the structure of hypothalamic nuclei involved in growth control is altered after preterm birth, with these alterations being associated with aberrant weight development into adulthood. Methods: We assessed 101 very preterm (i.e., <32 weeks of gestational age) and/or very low birth weight (i.e., <1500g; VP/VLBW) and 110 full-term born (FT) adults of the population-based Bavarian Longitudinal Study with T1-weighted MRI, deep learning-based hypothalamus subunit segmentation, and multiple body weight assessments from birth into adulthood. Results: Volumes of the whole hypothalamus and hypothalamus subunits relevant for growth control were reduced in VP/VLBW adults and associated with birth variables (i.e., gestational age and intensity of neonatal treatment), body weight (i.e., weight at birth and adulthood), and growth trajectories (i.e., trajectory slopes and trajectories of those small for gestational age and with long-term catch-up growth). Concerning VP/VLBW weight trajectories, relatively larger hypothalamic volumes comparable to those of FT adults, especially in subunits including the lateral hypothalamus, were associated with favorable long-term growth trajectories. Conclusions: Results demonstrate lower volumes of growth control-related hypothalamus subunits after preterm birth that link with long-term growth failure. Data suggest postnatal development of growth-related hypothalamic nuclei in VP/VLBW individuals that corresponds with distinct body growth trajectories into adulthood. Funding: This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (BA 6370/2-1 to C.S.), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Science (BMBF 01ER0801 to P.B. and D.W., BMBF 01ER0803 to C.S.) and the Kommission für Klinische Forschung, Technische Universität München (KKF 8700000474 to D.M.H.). Clinical trial number: -

show abstract

What is the physiological role of hypothalamic tanycytes in metabolism?

Cited by 32 publications

References 101 publications

Neuronal regulation of glucagon secretion and gluconeogenesis

Neuronal regulation of glucagon secretion and gluconeogenesis

Cross-Talk between the Cytokine IL-37 and Thyroid Hormones in Modulating Chronic Inflammation Associated with Target Organ Damage in Age-Related Metabolic and Vascular Conditions

Lower hypothalamus subunit volumes link with long-term growth failure after preterm birth: a longitudinal case-control study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About