What Should Be the Ideal Solvent Percentage and Solvent-Propolis ratio in the Preparation of Ethanolic Propolis Extract?

Kara, Yakup; Can, Zehra; Kolaylı, Sevgi

doi:10.1007/s12161-022-02244-z

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Kara et al . [32] reported the same three polyphenolic acids as main compounds extracted in water, after applying a routine consisting of 30 min US bath-stage combined with 24 h-maceration shaking at 200 rpm and room temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…While most investigations report on results obtained using hydroalcoholic mixtures in the 70–99 % range [2] , [3] , [4] , [22] , [23] , [31] , larger proportions of water were also tested [32] , [33] , demonstrating that water-based solvents tend to extract more phenolic acids than flavonoids. Extraction yield peaks around 40–60 % (v/v) ethanol, when a plateau is reached.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kara et al . [32] concluded that 5:1 and 10:1 represent the best liquid:solid ratios in terms of efficiency (costs and total phenolic content).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do ultrasonic field effects upon the polyphenolics profile of propolis extracts improve their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity?

Nichitoi

Josceanu

Isopescu

et al. 2023

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Do ultrasonic field effects upon the polyphenolics profile of propolis extracts improve their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity?

Nichitoi

Josceanu

Isopescu

et al. 2023

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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“…Propolis is rich in natural compounds which mainly depend on the type of plant accessible to the bees, geographical origin, and collection season. Propolis contains phenolic compounds (flavonoids, phenolic acids, and their esters) that have promising biological actions such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant potential [ 2 ]. Propolis usually comprises of 50% resin and plant balm, 30% wax, 10% volatile oils, 5% pollen, and 5% other organic residues [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Propolis' chemical ingredients defend against oxidative stress-related chronic diseases such as cancer and metabolic disorders [ 4 ]. It serves as a body defense agent against free radicals; propolis as a natural substance has promising antioxidant potential [ 2 ]. Previous studies reported the antibacterial potential of propolis extract against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; moreover, the extract synergized the effect of established anti tubercular drugs such as isoniazid [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Functional Potential and Biochemical Properties of Propolis Collected from Different Regions of Balochistan Province of Pakistan

Akbar

Gul

Aziz

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Propolis is a well-known resinous natural substance collected by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) from plants exudations. Variations in chemical composition of propolis are due to different sources from which it is collected and change in climate and geographical location. In this study, different propolis samples were collected from different regions of Balochistan and examined for its chemical composition, total phenolics and total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant potential by using DPPH radical scavenging assay and antimicrobial activity. Bioactive components analysis revealed the presence of steroids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, quinones, anthraquinones, terpenoids, tannins, and phlobatannins at different levels. The total phenolics contents were ranged from 2.9343 ± 1.247 to 6.0216 ± 2.873 mg GAE g-1, and flavonoid contents were found to be 0.1546 ± 0.087 to 0.6586 ± 0.329 mg QE g-1, respectively. The antioxidant ability of each extract was analyzed by their concentration having 50% inhibition ( I C 50 ). The propolis sample P3 possessed lower I C 50 27.07 ± 0.73 mg mL−1 with higher % inhibition of DPPH radical, and P8 showed lower % inhibition by having I C 50 84.43 ± 2.07 mg mL−1. The antibacterial activity of all samples was analyzed against a wide group of bacteria including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia and propolis extract (P4) was highly active against Klebsiella pneumoniae with the maximum diameter of zone of inhibition 20.33 ± 1.52 mm, and propolis extract (P3) showed maximum zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli 19.06 ± 1.90 , while propolis extract (P2) was found less active with minimum diameter of zone of inhibition 7.46 ± 1.50 mm . The antifungal activity of extract was considered as active against the fungal species. Propolis extract (P3) showed 82% of zone of inhibition against Aspergillus Niger, and propolis extract (P1) was highly active against Aspergillus parasiticus with 80% of zone of inhibition. By comparing the vibration frequencies in wave numbers of the sample spectrograph acquired from an FTIR spectrophotometer, the functional groups present in the extracts were identified. The presence of seven elements (Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr) was analyzed through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The obtained concentrations were within the permissible ranges established by the World Health Organization. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 80 different compounds belonged to different classes. The obtained results confirmed the imperative potential of propolis which can be used in various biological applications.

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Comparison of Protective Effect of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Propolis against Gastric Ulceration in Rats

Şahin

Kaltalıoğlu

Erişgin³

et al. 2023

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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This study focused on the protective effects of different types of propolis extracts on gastric mucosa in indomethacininduced rats. The animals were divided into nine groups: control, negative control (ulcer), positive control (omeprazole), and experimental groups, which were summarized by 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg, bw for aqueous-based and ethanol, respectively. According to the histopathological evaluation, more than others, the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg of aqueous-based propolis extracts had different degrees of positive effects on the gastric mucosa. Generally, the biochemical analyses of the gastric tissue showed a correlation with microscopic evaluations. According to the phenolic profile analysis, while pinocembrin (684.34 � 1.70 μg/ml) and chrysin (540.54 � 9.06 μg/ml) were the most abundant phenolics in the ethanolic extract, ferulic acid (53.77 � 0.07 μg/ml) and pcoumaric acid (52.61 � 0.42 μg/ml) dominated the aqueousbased extract. Also, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extract showed almost nine-fold superiority compared to the aqueous-based extracts. Based on data from preclinical data, it was decided that the best doses for the main goal of the study were 200 mg and 400 mg/kg, bw for aqueous-based propolis extract.

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What Should Be the Ideal Solvent Percentage and Solvent-Propolis ratio in the Preparation of Ethanolic Propolis Extract?

Cited by 23 publications

References 49 publications

Do ultrasonic field effects upon the polyphenolics profile of propolis extracts improve their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity?

Do ultrasonic field effects upon the polyphenolics profile of propolis extracts improve their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity?

Bio-Functional Potential and Biochemical Properties of Propolis Collected from Different Regions of Balochistan Province of Pakistan

Comparison of Protective Effect of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Propolis against Gastric Ulceration in Rats

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