Wheat Genes Associated with Different Types of Resistance against Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis Pers.)

Abstract

Stem rust is one wheat’s most dangerous fungal diseases. Yield losses caused by stem rust have been significant enough to cause famine in the past. Some races of stem rust are considered to be a threat to food security even nowadays. Resistance genes are considered to be the most rational environment-friendly and widely used way to control the spread of stem rust and prevent yield losses. More than 60 genes conferring resistance against stem rust have been discovered so far (so-called Sr genes). The majority of the Sr genes discovered have lost their effectiveness due to the emergence of new races of stem rust. There are some known resistance genes that have been used for over 50 years and are still effective against most known races of stem rust. The goal of this article is to outline the different types of resistance against stem rust as well as the effective and noneffective genes, conferring each type of resistance with a brief overview of their origin and usage.

Green solutions and new technologies for sustainable management of fungus and oomycete diseases in the citrus fruit supply chain

“…The availability of a reference genome sequence of lemon 'Femminello Siracusano' (Di Guardo et al 2021) and of segregating progenies obtained from crosses between resistant and susceptible lemon cultivars, facilitates the identification and mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs), a prerequisite for marker-assisted selection (Catalano et al 2021;Iwata et al 2016). This strategy has been widely applied in breeding programs for resistance to other devastating diseases of herbaceous and tree crops, including citrus, such as Fusarium Head Blight and Stem Rust of wheat, Apple Scab and Citrus Huanglongbing, just to cite a few (Haile et al 2019;Huang et al 2018;Karelov et al 2022;Liebhard et al 2003;Marone et al 2022;Patocchi et al 2009;Soriano et al 2009;Zhao et al 2018).…”

Integrated Molecular and Bioinformatics Approaches for Disease-Related Genes in Plants

“…geniculate, (iv) Lr37/Yr17 from Aegilops ventricosa, (v) Lr9 from Aegilops umbellulata, (vi) Lr19 from Thinopyrum elongatum Zhuk., (vii) Lr24 from Agropyron elongatum, (viii) Lr26 from Secale cereale L, (ix) Lr59 from Aegilops peregrina, (x) Lr54 from Aegilops kotschyi, (xi) Lr56 from Aegilops sharonensis, (xii) Lr58 from Aegilops triuncialis, and (xiii) Lr62 from Aegilops neglecta [78][79][80]. Similarly, more than 60 genes conferring resistance against stem rust (Sr) resistance have been identified in wild relatives of T. aestivum viz., Sr5, Sr6, Sr7, Sr8, Sr9, Sr10, Sr13, Sr15, Sr16, Sr18, Sr19, Sr20, Sr21, Sr22, Sr23, Sr28, Sr29, Sr30, Sr33, Sr35, Sr41, Sr42, Sr45, Sr46, Sr48, Sr49, Sr50, and Sr60 [81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89]. Cereal cyst nematodes are serious pests affecting crop production.…”