When and Why Threats Go Undetected

Meuter, Renata; Lacherez, Philippe F.

doi:10.1177/0018720815616306

Cited by 48 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Nowadays, many occupations require high levels of vigilance, for example, security personnel [10], employees tasked with monitoring surveillance cameras or baggage screening experts [11], driving vehicles [12], diagnostic medical screening [13], real classroom settings [14], and industrial and air traffic control [15][16][17]. The need to remain alert and situation-aware, and to detect infrequent but critical signals is crucial in a lot of job occupations: A vigilance failure in any of these domains could have dramatic impacts.…”

Section: Current Key Research Points On Vigilancementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiological Vigilance Characterisation and Assessment: Laboratory and Realistic Validations Involving Professional Air Traffic Controllers

Sebastiani¹,

Flumeri

Aricò

et al. 2020

Brain Sciences

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Vigilance degradation usually causes significant performance decrement. It is also considered the major factor causing the out-of-the-loop phenomenon (OOTL) occurrence. OOTL is strongly related to a high level of automation in operative contexts such as the Air Traffic Management (ATM), and it could lead to a negative impact on the Air Traffic Controllers’ (ATCOs) engagement. As a consequence, being able to monitor the ATCOs’ vigilance would be very important to prevent risky situations. In this context, the present study aimed to characterise and assess the vigilance level by using electroencephalographic (EEG) measures. The first study, involving 13 participants in laboratory settings allowed to find out the neurophysiological features mostly related to vigilance decrements. Those results were also confirmed under realistic ATM settings recruiting 10 professional ATCOs. The results demonstrated that (i) there was a significant performance decrement related to vigilance reduction; (ii) there were no substantial differences between the identified neurophysiological features in controlled and ecological settings, and the EEG-channel configuration defined in laboratory was able to discriminate and classify vigilance changes in ATCOs’ vigilance with high accuracy (up to 84%); (iii) the derived two EEG-channel configuration was able to assess vigilance variations reporting only slight accuracy reduction.

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Section: Current Key Research Points On Vigilancementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiological Vigilance Characterisation and Assessment: Laboratory and Realistic Validations Involving Professional Air Traffic Controllers

Sebastiani¹,

Flumeri

Aricò

et al. 2020

Brain Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A multitude of industrial, military, medical, and educational tasks require continuous vigilance with varying levels of cognitive workload. Applications that need sustained attention include security personnel [1], employees tasked with monitoring surveillance cameras or baggage screening experts [2], driving vehicles [3], diagnostic medical screening [4], real classroom settings [5], and industrial and air traffic control [6,7]. Such tasks necessitate a specific bandwidth of arousal for maintaining an acceptable level of cognitive efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vigilance Decrement and Enhancement Techniques: A Review

Al-Shargie

Tariq

et al. 2019

Brain Sciences

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This paper presents the first comprehensive review on vigilance enhancement using both conventional and unconventional means, and further discusses the resulting contradictory findings. It highlights the key differences observed between the research findings and argues that variations of the experimental protocol could be a significant contributing factor towards such contradictory results. Furthermore, the paper reveals the effectiveness of unconventional means of enhancement in significant reduction of vigilance decrement compared to conventional means. Meanwhile, a discussion on the challenges of enhancement techniques is presented, with several suggested recommendations and alternative strategies to maintain an adequate level of vigilance for the task at hand. Additionally, this review provides evidence in support of the use of unconventional means of enhancement on vigilance studies, regardless of their practical challenges.

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“…Retaining attention above a constant level is of vital importance in many applications. Some examples of entities that need sustained vigilance include pilots in aircraft [1], drivers operating vehicles [2], security forces in defense systems [3], cyber intrusion detection [4], industrial process control settings [5], and real classroom settings [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Connectivity Analysis Under Semantic Vigilance and Enhanced Mental States

et al. 2019

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In this paper, we present a method to quantify the coupling between brain regions under vigilance and enhanced mental states by utilizing partial directed coherence (PDC) and graph theory analysis (GTA). The vigilance state is induced using a modified version of stroop color-word task (SCWT) while the enhancement state is based on audio stimulation with a pure tone of 250 Hz. The audio stimulation was presented to the right and left ears simultaneously for one-hour while participants perform the SCWT. The quantification of mental states was performed by means of statistical analysis of indexes based on GTA, behavioral responses of time-on-task (TOT), and Brunel Mood Scale (BRMUS). The results show that PDC is very sensitive to vigilance decrement and shows that the brain connectivity network is significantly reduced with increasing TOT, p < 0.05. Meanwhile, during the enhanced state, the connectivity network maintains high connectivity as time passes and shows significant improvements compared to vigilance state. The audio stimulation enhances the connectivity network over the frontal and parietal regions and the right hemisphere. The increase in the connectivity network correlates with individual differences in the magnitude of the vigilance enhancement assessed by response time to stimuli. Our results provide evidence for enhancement of cognitive processing efficiency with audio stimulation. The BRMUS was used to evaluate the emotional states of vigilance task before and after using the audio stimulation. BRMUS factors, such as fatigue, depression, and anger, significantly decrease in the enhancement group compared to vigilance group. On the other hand, happy and calmness factors increased with audio stimulation, p < 0.05.

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When and Why Threats Go Undetected

Abstract: Shorter shift rotations, although perhaps difficult to implement during busy screening periods, would ensure more consistently high vigilance in baggage screeners and, therefore, optimal threat detection and passenger safety.

Cited by 48 publications

References 46 publications

Neurophysiological Vigilance Characterisation and Assessment: Laboratory and Realistic Validations Involving Professional Air Traffic Controllers

Neurophysiological Vigilance Characterisation and Assessment: Laboratory and Realistic Validations Involving Professional Air Traffic Controllers

Vigilance Decrement and Enhancement Techniques: A Review

Brain Connectivity Analysis Under Semantic Vigilance and Enhanced Mental States

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