When eye creates the contact! ERP evidence for early dissociation between direct and averted gaze motion processing

Conty, Laurence; N’Diaye, K.; Tijus, Charles; George, Nathalie

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.05.017

Cited by 162 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The sequence of short electric brain responses was indexed by three classical and successive generic ERP components: the occipital P100, the occipitotemporal N170, and the frontal P200 (Ashley et al, 2004;Vlamings et al, 2009). As also reported in the literature (Puce et al, 2000;Conty et al, 2007), we observed that N170 in response to direct attention peaked later than in the other conditions (184 ms vs a mean of 168 ms). Thus, N170 was divided into an early component and a late component.…”

Section: Time Course Of Social Visual Cue Processing and Integrationsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Given the importance of an ecologically valid approach (Zaki and Ochsner, 2009;Schilbach, 2010;Wilms et al, 2010), we kept our design as naturalistic as possible. To do so, an apparent movement was created by the consecutive presentation of two photographs on the screen (Conty et al, 2007). The first photograph showed an actor in the initial position during a random time, ranging from 300 to 600 ms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Binding of Gaze, Gesture, and Emotion: Neural Time Course and Correlates

Conty

Dezecache²,

Hugueville³

et al. 2012

J. Neurosci.

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Communicative intentions are transmitted by many perceptual cues, including gaze direction, body gesture, and facial expressions. However, little is known about how these visual social cues are integrated over time in the brain and, notably, whether this binding occurs in the emotional or the motor system. By coupling magnetic resonance and electroencephalography imaging in humans, we were able to show that, 200 ms after stimulus onset, the premotor cortex integrated gaze, gesture, and emotion displayed by a congener. At earlier stages, emotional content was processed independently in the amygdala (170 ms), whereas directional cues (gaze direction with pointing gesture) were combined at ϳ190 ms in the parietal and supplementary motor cortices. These results demonstrate that the early binding of visual social signals displayed by an agent engaged the dorsal pathway and the premotor cortex, possibly to facilitate the preparation of an adaptive response to another person's immediate intention.

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Section: Time Course Of Social Visual Cue Processing and Integrationsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Binding of Gaze, Gesture, and Emotion: Neural Time Course and Correlates

Conty

Dezecache²,

Hugueville³

et al. 2012

J. Neurosci.

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“…Notably, in many of these studies (i.e., Conty et al, 2007;Mason et al, 2005;Sato et al, 2008;Schilbach et al, 2006) discrimination of gaze direction or some other explicit task related to face categorization was employed. In our aforementioned studies, instead, the faces were observed without a concomitant task Pönkänen et al, in press;Pönkänen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The observer observed: Frontal EEG asymmetry and autonomic responses differentiate between another person's direct and averted gaze when the face is seen live

Pönkänen

Peltola

Hietanen

2011

International Journal of Psychophysiology

107

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Recently, we showed that another person's gaze direction influenced the perceiver's frontal EEG asymmetry and autonomic arousal in response to freely viewed real faces, but not in response to face pictures. However, the lack of a task during the viewing may have resulted in less attention allocation to face pictures vs. live faces. In the present study, the participants performed two online tasks while viewing the faces presented live through an electronic shutter and as pictures on a computer screen. The results replicated those from our previous experiment showing that direct gaze elicited greater relative left-sided frontal EEG asymmetry and autonomic arousal than averted gaze but, again, only in the live condition. However, the results also showed that two live stimulus faces (male and female) elicited differential EEG asymmetry responses in our participants (all females), and the effects of gaze direction were observed only for the (live) female faces. The results suggest that the discriminative responses to live faces vs. pictures are likely to reflect the participants' enhanced mental-state attributions and self-awareness when looking at and being looked by live faces. Thus, the motivation-and affect-related psychophysiological responses to gaze direction are most discriminative in the presence of another person, regardless of whether the face/gaze is actively monitored or not.

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“…Conty, N'Diaye, Tijus, & George, 2007;George, Driver, & Dolan, 2001;Pelphrey, Viola, & McCarthy, 2004). Direct gaze elicits enhanced activation not only in visual brain areas (e.g., Wicker, Michel, Henaff, & Decety, 1998;Wicker, Perrett, Baron-Cohen, & Decety, 2003), but also in the amygdala (George, Driver, & Dolan, 2001;Kawashima et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaze direction differentially affects avoidance tendencies to happy and angry faces in socially anxious individuals

Roelofs

Putman

Schouten

et al. 2010

Behaviour Research and Therapy

150

145

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a b s t r a c tIncreasing evidence indicates that eye gaze direction affects the processing of emotional faces in anxious individuals. However, the effects of eye gaze direction on the behavioral responses elicited by emotional faces, such as avoidance behavior, remain largely unexplored. We administered an Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) in high (HSA) and low socially anxious (LSA) individuals. All participants responded to photographs of angry, happy and neutral faces (presented with direct and averted gaze), by either pushing a joystick away from them (avoidance) or pulling it towards them (approach). Compared to LSA, HSA were faster in avoiding than approaching angry faces. Most crucially, this avoidance tendency was only present when the perceived anger was directed towards the subject (direct gaze) and not when the gaze of the face-stimulus was averted. In contrast, HSA individuals tended to avoid happy faces irrespectively of gaze direction. Neutral faces elicited no approach-avoidance tendencies. Thus avoidance of angry faces in social anxiety as measured by AA-tasks reflects avoidance of subject-directed anger and not of negative stimuli in general. In addition, although both anger and joy are considered to reflect approach-related emotions, gaze direction did not affect HSA's avoidance of happy faces, suggesting differential mechanisms affecting responses to happy and angry faces in social anxiety.

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When eye creates the contact! ERP evidence for early dissociation between direct and averted gaze motion processing

Cited by 162 publications

References 61 publications

Early Binding of Gaze, Gesture, and Emotion: Neural Time Course and Correlates

Early Binding of Gaze, Gesture, and Emotion: Neural Time Course and Correlates

The observer observed: Frontal EEG asymmetry and autonomic responses differentiate between another person's direct and averted gaze when the face is seen live

Gaze direction differentially affects avoidance tendencies to happy and angry faces in socially anxious individuals

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