When sexual meets apomict: genome size, ploidy level and reproductive mode variation of<i>Sorbus aria s.l.</i>and<i>S. austriaca</i>(Rosaceae) in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Hajrudinović, Alma; Siljak‐Yakovlev, Sonja; Brown, Spencer C.; Pustahija, Fatima; Bourge, Mickaël; Ballian, Dalibor; Bogunić, Faruk

doi:10.1093/aob/mcv093

Cited by 37 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…Remnant sexuality was recently reported in some tetraploids of the S. aria complex in Great Britain (Ludwig et al 2013) and Bosnia-Herzegovina (Hajrudinović et al 2015). In an earlier study we report that the progeny of some northern Bavarian S. collina are genetically more variable than the adults, which indicates facultative sexual reproduction (Feulner et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…These tetraploids most probably belong to their ancestral lineages, as the opposite, that they functioned as a bridge for the evolution of these tetraploids, is unlikely. Crosses between di-and tetraploids are the typical origin for triploids (Ludwig et al 2013, Hajrudinović et al 2015. The triploids of MOR are peculiar; it is the only population at present without Sorbus aria s. str.…”

Section: Triploids In the Sorbus Aria Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic variability and morphology of tri- and tetraploid members of the Sorbus aria complex in northern Bavaria

Feulner¹,

Weig²,

Paule³

et al. 2017

Preslia

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. (2017): Genetic variability and morphology of tri-and tetraploid members of the Sorbus aria complex in northern Bavaria. -Preslia 89: 275-290.The Sorbus aria complex in the Franconian Jura, northern Bavaria, consists of the sexual diploid S. aria s. str. and putative apomictic polyploids, among them S. collina and S. danubialis. Here, the genetic and cytotypic structure of the S. aria complex and the proportion of clonal versus variable genotypes with a special focus on S. collina are studied using nuclear microsatellite markers, flow cytometry and multivariate morphometrics. In the Franconian Jura the tetraploid S. collina is the most frequent taxon in the S. aria complex. It consists of six closely related clones and a high number of unique genotypes, which were found in 70% of the populations studied. Morphologically, most of the clones and the unique tetraploid genotypes are not significantly differentiated. Therefore, all of them could be assigned to S. collina. Mechanisms that could result in the high number of genotypes within S. collina are accumulations of mutations, remnant sexuality, multiple polyploidization events and backcrossing. The results show that S. collina is a genetically quite variable facultative apomictic taxon. Triploids were identified sporadically and the microsatellites pointed to an origin from repeated hybridization events between diploid S. aria s. str. and S. collina. K e y w o r d s:

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Section: Triploids In the Sorbus Aria Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variability and morphology of tri- and tetraploid members of the Sorbus aria complex in northern Bavaria

Feulner¹,

Weig²,

Paule³

et al. 2017

Preslia

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“…In pseudogamous apomicts, the lack of meiotic division leads to unreduced central cell polar nuclei in the ovary and fertilisation of these results in m:p ratios that greatly exceed 2 m:1p. However, triploid Sorbus such as S. subcuneata can tolerate an unbalanced endosperm, which is an attribute shared with other triploid apomicts in the Rosaceae92728. Thus it seems unlikely that the self-incompatibility that we observed in S. subcuneata is due to unbalanced endosperm and, instead, the lack of seed production by hand conspecific pollination is likely the result of the operation of GSI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Breeding system and spatial isolation from congeners strongly constrain seed set in an insect-pollinated apomictic tree: Sorbus subcuneata (Rosaceae)

Hamston

Wilson

Rich

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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In plants, apomixis results in the production of clonal offspring via seed and can provide reproductive assurance for isolated individuals. However, many apomicts require pollination to develop functional endosperm for successful seed set (pseudogamy) and therefore risk pollination-limitation, particularly in self-incompatible species that require heterospecific pollen. We used microsatellite paternity analysis and hand pollinations to investigate pollen-limitation in Sorbus subcuneata, a threatened endemic tree that co-occurs with its congener, S. admonitor. We confirmed that S. subcuneata is an obligate pseudogamous apomict, but open-pollinated flowers rarely produced seed (flower-to-seed conversion < 1%) even though they rapidly accumulated pollen on their stigmas. Manual heterospecific pollination by S. admonitor resulted in a high flower-to-seed conversion rate (65%), however, we estimate that the ratio of self: heterospecific pollination in open-pollinated flowers was at least 22:1. Despite the efficacy of heterospecific pollination, the contribution of S. admonitor trees to paternity in seed from open-pollinated flowers of S. subcuneata decreased rapidly with the spatial separation between paternal and maternal trees. Conservation efforts aimed at maintaining species with this breeding system must therefore manage the congeners in tandem which will also maintain the potential for rare heterospecific fertilisation that typically cause rapid diversification in these lineages.

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“…Several seeds of both Onosma species showed larger P ind values, with the mean P ind = 3.22 for O. arenaria and 2.98 for O. pseudoarenaria. (42,(65)(66)(67)(68)). This is the first study evaluating the genome composition in ACAs and associating the genome composition with the FCSS results.…”

Section: Fcss Data Correspond To the Models Of Chromosome Inheritancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very high accuracy of FCSS measurements and the expected P ind values has previously been found for sexual or apomictic taxa in the cases when accurate FCSS data are reported (e.g., Refs. (42,(65)(66)(67)(68)).…”

Section: Fcss Data Correspond To the Models Of Chromosome Inheritancementioning

confidence: 99%

Flow cytometric seed screen data are consistent with models of chromosome inheritance in asymmetrically compensating allopolyploids

Kolarčik¹,

Kocová²,

Vašková³

2018

Cytometry Pt A

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Angiosperms have evolved a mechanism of double fertilization, which results in the production of a separate embryo (new individual) and endosperm (nutritive tissue). The flow cytometric seed screen (FCSS) was developed to infer plant reproduction modes based on endosperm-to-embryo DNA content ratio (P ). A ratio of 1.5 indicates sexual reproduction, whereas higher values of ≥2.0 are consistent with apomixis. Although FCSS has been successfully applied to the study of sexual and asexual plants, the limits of FCSS and particularly its potential for determination of reproduction modes in hemisexual plants have not been explored. Here, we evaluated the application of FCSS to the study of reproduction modes in two asymmetrically compensating allopolyploids (ACAs), Onosma arenaria and Rosa canina. These two species are characterized by the presence of asexually inherited univalent-forming and sexually inherited bivalent-forming chromosome sets. They both use asymmetric meiosis, which eliminates univalent-forming chromosome sets from the male gamete and retains them in the female gamete. Different chromosomal behavior in male and female meiosis in these plants is reflected in different theoretically derived P values, which deviate from a sexual 1.5 value. Here, we determined P FCSS-based values in seeds of ACAs, and compared the results to sexual species. As expected, we determined that the mean P is 1.51, 1.52, and 1.52 in the sexual plants, that is, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Crataegus monogyna, and O. pseudoarenaria, respectively. In the ACAs, different mean P values were determined for O. arenaria (1.61) and R. canina (1.82). These values are consistent with the theoretical P values determined based on models of chromosome inheritance. This study highlights the precision of flow cytometry in determining DNA content and it's utility in screening reproduction modes. Additionally, it advocates for more in-depth investigations into rapid screening of accessions where the P ratio has deviated from the 1.5 value typical of sexual species, which may indicate meiotic irregularities.

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When sexual meets apomict: genome size, ploidy level and reproductive mode variation ofSorbus aria s.l.andS. austriaca(Rosaceae) in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Cited by 37 publications

References 50 publications

Genetic variability and morphology of tri- and tetraploid members of the Sorbus aria complex in northern Bavaria

Genetic variability and morphology of tri- and tetraploid members of the Sorbus aria complex in northern Bavaria

Breeding system and spatial isolation from congeners strongly constrain seed set in an insect-pollinated apomictic tree: Sorbus subcuneata (Rosaceae)

Flow cytometric seed screen data are consistent with models of chromosome inheritance in asymmetrically compensating allopolyploids

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