When the Household Becomes Environmentally Friendly—Dynamic Simulation of Hybrid Energy System’s Feasibility

Abstract

Decentralized electricity production at household scale, particularly by solar panels, has recently grown due to increased technology feasibility and financial support programs. Further development in this field requires the introduction and efficient use of energy storage technologies. This research aims to evaluate the benefits and economic justification of implementing energy storage systems in private households by using system dynamics modelling. Household electricity consumption is a dynamic problem; therefore, the system dynamics approach allows the development of an exploratory model that accounts for the causal relationships and feedback loops in the system. Specifically, an hourly consumption model is developed to analyze the electricity costs in four scenarios: (1) a standard grid-connected system, (2) a PV system with net metering, (3) a grid-connected system with a connected battery, and (4) a grid-connected system with a combined PV and battery storage system. The structure of the build system dynamics model is described with a Latvian context case. It is found that in Latvian climate-specific conditions, the profitability of installing PV and PV and battery systems in private households in Latvia is justified by both summer and winter conditions. The developed model can be used to analyze the real electricity profiles of specific households, determining the profitability of installing energy-efficient solutions, and is adaptable for analyzing the situations of other countries or accumulation systems.

System Dynamics Model of Decentralized Household Electricity Storage Implementation: Case Study of Latvia

“…The payback time, if solar panels are installed for a household, is determined by the investment costs of the PV panels and the savings in electricity costs, which are respectively determined by the comparison of the annual electricity costs with grid connection versus the electricity costs with installed solar panels. Electricity costs for grid electricity users, grid electricity costs for the PV system and grid electricity costs for the PV and battery system were calculated by using a model previously developed by the authors [35]. The payback time, if solar panels are installed for a household, is determined by the investment costs of the PV panels and the savings in electricity costs, which are respectively determined by the comparison of the annual electricity costs with grid connection versus the electricity costs with installed solar panels.…”