Whey-reduced weight gain is associated with a temporary growth reduction in young mice fed a high-fat diet

Tranberg, Britt; Madsen, Andreas Nygaard; Hansen, Axel Kornerup; Hellgren, Lars

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.07.009

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Given the (contrasting) effects of PYY on anabolic and catabolic pathways (43), and the role played by FATP4 in intestinal lipid transport (2), the data suggest a potential interaction between the housing environment and whey proteins on intestinal morphology (length) and cellular activity linked to energy balance regulation. In fact, Tranberg et al showed that group-housed mice fed WPI as part of a 60% energy high-fat diet (HFD) also increased energy intake and reduced body weight gain, similar to the current study, but, in this instance, the effect was transient, only seen in the first week of diet intake (47). This may be because of the HFD-induced changes in the intestinal cellular activity (7) impacting WPI effects mediated through this tissue.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Indeed, whey protein isolate (WPI) has been shown to acutely (up to 3 h) lower energy intake in humans, possibly via the production of intestinal-derived satiety or satiation-related hormones (14), albeit the results are inconsistent (1). However, the long-term effects of WPI on energy balance do not appear to involve the production of these hormones (52), but rather can be attributed to a reduction in growth-related parameters, with WPI-fed mice presenting a reduced body length, which correlated with the plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (47). We extended these findings by showing that individually housed mice fed for 15 wk a diet enriched with 20% WPI, 35% sucrose (high), and 10% fat (low) (all % by energy) had reduced small intestinal weight and length compared with controls fed a similar diet where casein (CAS) replaced WPI (26).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Whey protein effects on energy balance link the intestinal mechanisms of energy absorption with adiposity and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression

Nilaweera

Cabrera‐Rubio

Speakman

et al. 2017

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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.2016.-We tested the hypothesis that dietary whey protein isolate (WPI) affects the intestinal mechanisms related to energy absorption and that the resulting energy deficit is compensated by changes in energy balance to support growth. C57BL/6 mice were provided a diet enriched with WPI with varied sucrose content, and the impact on energy balance-related parameters was investigated. As part of a high-sucrose diet, WPI reduced the hypothalamic expression of pro-opiomelanocortin gene expression and increased energy intake. The energy expenditure was unaffected, but epididymal weight was reduced, indicating an energy loss. Notably, there was a reduction in the ileum gene expression for amino acid transporter SLC6a19, glucose transporter 2, and fatty acid transporter 4. The composition of the gut microbiota also changed, where Firmicutes were reduced. The above changes indicated reduced energy absorption through the intestine. We propose that this mobilized energy in the adipose tissue and caused hypothalamic changes that increased energy intake, acting to counteract the energy deficit arising in the intestine. Lowering the sucrose content in the WPI diet increased energy expenditure. This further reduced epididymal weight and plasma leptin, whereupon hypothalamic ghrelin gene expression and the intestinal weight were both increased. These data suggest that when the intestine-adiposehypothalamic pathway is subjected to an additional energy loss (now in the adipose tissue), compensatory changes attempt to assimilate more energy. Notably, WPI and sucrose content interact to enable the component mechanisms of this pathway. whey proteins; gut microbiota MAMMALS ACHIEVE energy homeostasis by matching energy supply (from food consumed) with the summed energy demand of body tissues. This is achieved in part by sensing nutrient (energy) availability in the intestinal lumen, where their transport through a carrier-mediated mechanism in the circulatory system causes subsequent changes in the hypothalamic-and adipose-related mechanisms regulating energy balance (16,35,41). A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota also play important roles in energy balance regulation by influencing the related intestinal and hypothalamic cellular activities (10, 32) and by harvesting energy from ingested food and then providing it for host metabolism, including storage in the adipose tissue (3). Thus, in theory, manipulation of the gut microbiota, along with the intestinal nutrient-sensing and transport-related genes, has the potential to change the intestinal, hypothalamic, and adipose control of energy balance and body weight dynamics.Whey proteins, including bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lactoferrin, are constituents of milk (19), with the bovine form having been part of the human diet since at least the Bronze Age (51). Because these proteins are now increasingly being used in infant formula, and in food products to improve muscle mass in athletes and the elderly (18), there is a need to understand the impact of their ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Whey protein effects on energy balance link the intestinal mechanisms of energy absorption with adiposity and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression

Nilaweera

Cabrera‐Rubio

Speakman

et al. 2017

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…In a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials, dairy consumption together with energy restriction has been associated with a reduction in body weight, and fat mass particularly, in short-term studies (2). Dairy foods contain multiple components of which whey and casein proteins have been demonstrated to decrease weight gain and adipose reserves, and to improve diabetic control, in rodent models (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). However, the underlying mechanisms by which whey and casein promote weight loss and improve diabetic control remain largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whey protein was found to be more satiating and also more effective than casein in decreasing food intake and/or weight gain in rodent models (3,(6)(7)(8)(9). However, it is unclear whether the reduction of food intake by the consumption of whey and casein in rodent models is due to satiety, aversion, or other nonspecific malaise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Whey and Casein Differentially Affect Energy Balance, Gut Hormones, Glucose Metabolism, and Taste Preference in Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Pezeshki

Fahim

Chelikani

2015

The Journal of Nutrition

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Effect of whey protein on blood pressure in pre‐ and mildly hypertensive adults: A randomized controlled study

Yang

Wang

Tong

et al. 2019

Food Science & Nutrition

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In China, the frequency of mild hypertension cases remains prevalently high. Meanwhile, diets containing functional ingredients that control blood pressure have received considerable attention. In this randomized, controlled intervention study, 65 participants were randomly assigned to consume 30 g of whey protein or maltodextrin daily for 12 weeks. Blood pressure, body composition, biochemical analysis in plasma, and flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), an index for evaluating endothelial function, were measured. Finally, 54 participants (27 participants in each group) completed the study. At the end of the intervention, the average systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 129.5 ± 7.7 mmHg in the control group and 128.2 ± 6.9 mmHg in the whey protein group ( p = 0.052). In the overweight and obese participants, the SBP was significantly lower in the whey protein group than in the control group (126.5 ± 6.9 mmHg vs. 128.8 ± 7.4 mmHg, p = 0.033), and body fat, fat percentage, and waist circumference significantly decreased in the whey protein group ( p = 0.010, 0.016, 0.019, respectively). No difference was observed between the control and whey protein groups with regard to the changes in plasma lipids, inflammatory cytokines, antioxidative indexes, endothelium‐1, nitric oxide, angiotensin II, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme. The increase in FMD was significantly higher in the whey protein group than in the control group (5.2% vs. 0.3%, p = 0.040). In conclusion, whey protein significantly decreased SBP in pre‐ and mildly hypertensive adults, who are also overweight and obese. Whey protein also improved endothelial function. The lowering effect of blood pressure was probably related to body fat loss in these participants.

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Whey-reduced weight gain is associated with a temporary growth reduction in young mice fed a high-fat diet

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Whey protein effects on energy balance link the intestinal mechanisms of energy absorption with adiposity and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression

Whey protein effects on energy balance link the intestinal mechanisms of energy absorption with adiposity and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression

Dietary Whey and Casein Differentially Affect Energy Balance, Gut Hormones, Glucose Metabolism, and Taste Preference in Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Effect of whey protein on blood pressure in pre‐ and mildly hypertensive adults: A randomized controlled study

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