Whistler mode waves for ring distribution with A.C. electric field in inner magnetosphere of Saturn

Direct evidence for efficient scattering of suprathermal electrons by whistler mode waves in the Martian magnetosphere

“…Whistler mode waves are commonly observed in the magnetosphere of magnetized planets (Shprits et al, 2012), such as Jupiter (Scarf et al, 1979;Shprits et al, 2018;Li W et al, 2021), Saturn (Akalin et al, 2006;Hospodarsky et al, 2008;Kumari and Pandey, 2018), and Earth (Fairfield 1974;Wei XH et al, 2007;Yang QW et al, 2016;Shang XJ et al, 2021;He Q et al, 2022). In particular, whistler mode waves in the terrestrial magnetosphere have been extensively studied due to their critical roles in the acceleration of relativistic electrons (Xiao FL et al, 2014;Gao ZL et al, 2016), penetration of energetic electrons (Li W et al, 2009(Li W et al, , 2013Zhao H and Li X, 2013;Ni BB et al, 2018;Zhao YW et al, 2022), and scattering of relativistic electrons (Liu S et al, 2020;He JB et al, 2021).…”

Progress in the Knowledge, Application and Influence of Extremely Low Frequency Signals

“…They play an important role for the knowledge of the Sun, the interstellar medium and the Earth's magnetosphere [13,14]. Observations of natural ELF radiation have formed the cornerstone in the measurement and interpretation of the effects of lightning in the upper atmospheric regions, as well as in the space near the Earth [15], where the most used tool is the signals derived from SR. SR has been used to investigate the electrical processes that occur in the atmosphere [16], the characteristics of the surface and the lower ionosphere, as well as the tropospheric-ionospheric coupling [5] applied to the Earth and Mars [17], to Saturn [18], or Venus [19], among other celestial bodies. These signals have also been studied as precursor elements of seismic events, due to the variability of SR records in the presence of earthquakes [20], being a topic widely researched in recent decades [21].…”