‘White liquor hits black livers’: meanings of excessive liquor consumption in South Africa in the second half of the twentieth century

Mager, Anne

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.12.005

Cited by 43 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Consistent with other South African research, we stratified the 49 clinics providing primary care in Cape Town by race as defined under apartheid, because of the continuing association with health disparities and substance use (Mager, 2004;McIntyre et al, 2000). The population served by the public health sector is chiefly Black and Colored, and so we stratified clinics into those serving populations 80% or more Colored; 80% or more Black; and a more diverse population.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 98%

“…In South Africa, the racial categories defined under apartheid-Black, Colored (mixed race), Indian, and White-have a long association in South Africa with access both to alcohol and to treatment (Mager, 2004). Different race groups may demonstrate different prevalence or responses to risk factors by gender (Flisher, Parry, Evans, Muller, and Lombard, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Correlates of Substance Use Among South African Primary Care Clinic Patients

Ward

Mertens

Flisher

et al. 2008

Substance Use & Misuse

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We aimed to assess prevalence and correlates of hazardous use of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs in a primary care population in Cape Town, South Africa. Stratified random sampling was used to select 14 of the 49 clinics in the public health sector in Cape Town, and every "nth" patient, with those ages 18-25 oversampled (N = 2,618). Data were collected from December 2003 through 2004, using the World Health Organization Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Hazardous use of tobacco was most common, followed by alcohol and then other drugs. Hazardous tobacco use was associated with the 18-25 years age group, no religious involvement, high school completion, and higher stress. Hazardous alcohol use was associated with male gender, younger men, no religious involvement, employment, some high school education, and higher stress. Hazardous use of other drugs was associated with Colored (mixed) race (particularly among men), no religious involvement, employment, and stress. For all substances, women, particularly Black women, had the lowest rates of hazardous use. Although the study is cross-sectional, it does identify groups that may be at high risk of substance misuse and for whom intervention is urgent. Because prevalence of substance use is high in this population, routine screening should be introduced in primary care clinics. (Parry, 2005;Sitas et al., 2004). Cannabis and methaqualone are the most frequently identified illicit drugs in drugrelated arrests, psychiatric diagnoses, and trauma patients (Parry et al., 2002), but treatment demand for cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine use is increasing Parry, Myers, and Plüddemann, 2004).Primary health care services provide an advantageous location for intervening in substance use (Whitlock, Polen, Green, Orleans, and Klein, 2004;Fleming et al., 2002). In South Africa, the public health sector is the main provider of primary care (Health Systems Trust, 2004), yet no data are available on prevalence of substance misuse among South African patients.Risk factors are those associated with increased likelihood of negative health behaviors or outcomes, whereas protective factors are those that are associated with increased likelihood of positive health behaviors or outcomes, or with decreased likelihood of negative health behaviors or outcomes (Kirby, 2001). Although the association with disease occurrence may not be causal, such correlates are useful for identifying high-risk groups or factors that may be usefully targeted in intervention strategies. Risk and protective factors influencing substance use have not been much studied in the developing world (De Lima, Dunn, Novo, Tomasi, and Reisser, 2003).Personal characteristics identified as risk factors may include age, race, and gender. In South Africa, the racial categories defined under apartheid-Black, Colored (mixed race), Indian, and White-have a long association in South Africa with access both to alcohol and to treatment (Mager, 2004). Different race groups may demonstrate differen...

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Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Correlates of Substance Use Among South African Primary Care Clinic Patients

Ward

Mertens

Flisher

et al. 2008

Substance Use & Misuse

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“…Dop was outlawed by multiple statutes, and there is general public sentiment against its practice, but residual patterns of regular, heavy episodic alcohol consumption by some are a legacy. Furthermore, increased contemporary availability of inexpensive commercial beer, wine and distilled spirits, primarily in "takeaway"(carry-out) sources and shebeens (illegal bars), has maintained or exacerbated severe drinking (London et al, 1995;Mager, 2004;Parry, 1998). Episodic drinking is a major form of recreation among subsegments of the WCP population, causing many problems (King et al, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal alcohol syndrome epidemiology in a South African community: a second study of a very high prevalence area.

et al. 2005

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ABSTRACT. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in a second primary school cohort in a community in South Africa. Method: Active case ascertainment, two-tier screening, and Institute of Medicine assessment methodology were employed among 857 first grade pupils, most born in 1993. Characteristics of children with FAS were contrasted with characteristics of a randomly selected control group from the same classrooms. Physical growth and development, dysmorphology and psychological characteristics of the children and measures of maternal alcohol use and smoking were analyzed. Results: The rate of FAS found in this study is the highest yet reported in any overall community in the world, 65.2-74.2 per 1,000 children in the first grade population. These rates are 33-148 times greater than U.S. estimates and higher than in a previous cohort study in this same community (40.5-46.4 per 1,000). Detailed documentation of physical features indicates that FAS children in South Africa have characteristics similar to those elsewhere: poor growth and development, facial and limb dysmorphology, and lower intellectual functioning. Frequent, severe episodic drinking of beer and wine is common among mothers and fathers of FAS children. Their lives are characterized by serious familial, social and economic challenges, compared with controls. Heavy episodic maternal drinking is significantly associated with negative outcomes of children in the area of nonverbal intelligence but even more so in verbal intelligence, behavior and overall dysmorphology (physical anomalies). Significantly more FAS exists among children of women who were rural residents (odds ratio: 7.36, 95% confidence interval: 3.31-16.52), usually among workers on local farms. Conclusion: A high rate of FAS was documented in this community. Given social and economic similarities and racial admixture, we suspect that other communities in the Western Cape have rates that also are quite high. (J. Stud. Alcohol 66: [593][594][595][596][597][598][599][600][601][602][603][604] 2005)

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“…A study in the 1960s found that 22% of the Coloured population could be classified as alcoholics, a distressingly high number that was predominantly attributed to the "tot" system of subsidising the wages of farm labourers with cheap wine, a practice especially prevalent on wine farms during the apartheid period. 122 On 2 November, exactly a week before the riots, eight appeared in court for being drunk in public; six for theft; and two for assault. The week before that, on 26 October, six appeared for being drunk in public; fourteen for theft and seven for assault.…”

Section: B Walbrugh Principal 105mentioning

confidence: 99%

"Let Mrs Mafekeng stay": An evaluation of the Paarl riots of 1959

Rommelspacher¹

2017

Historia

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‘White liquor hits black livers’: meanings of excessive liquor consumption in South Africa in the second half of the twentieth century

Cited by 43 publications

References 11 publications

Prevalence and Correlates of Substance Use Among South African Primary Care Clinic Patients

Prevalence and Correlates of Substance Use Among South African Primary Care Clinic Patients

Fetal alcohol syndrome epidemiology in a South African community: a second study of a very high prevalence area.

"Let Mrs Mafekeng stay": An evaluation of the Paarl riots of 1959

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