Who should pay for pollution? The OECD, the European Communities and the emergence of environmental policy in the early 1970s

Meyer, Jan-Henrik

doi:10.1080/13507486.2017.1282427

Cited by 26 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Second, as in the case of the environment (Meyer, 2017), the EC borrowed from the Council of Europe and the Organization for Economic and Cooperation and Development (OECD) in developing its consumer policy (European Commission, 1972). The OECD had already begun publishing an annual report on consumer policy from 1972, and the consultative assembly of the Council of Europe adopted a 'Consumer Protection Charter' in May 1973 (Bourgoignie & Trubek, 1986).…”

Section: Agenda Set Ting For Ec Consumer Policy Before Uk Accessionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond 1973: UK Accession and the Origins of EC Consumer Policy

Leucht

2022

Global Policy

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| INTRODUCTION'The private consumer is the last and the least to be consulted as the various policies and practices of the Common Market are being developed' (Consumer Council, 1970, p. 23). This was the condemning evaluation of the director and economic advisor of the British Consumer Council after their visit to the European Commission in Brussels in October 1970. At the time, the United Kingdom (UK) was an aspiring member of the European Community (EC), but not yet a member state. In the UK, consumer representation within state institutions went back as far as the First World War (Hilton, 2003). Whereas the dire assessment of consumer representation in the EC by the British Consumer Council visitors to Brussels is therefore understandable, it should not have come as a surprise. After all, the treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) of 1957 did not require member states to confer general regulatory competences for matters relevant to consumers to the EC (Leczykiewicz & Weatherill, 2016). Consumer representation had not assumed a central position in the EC, and there was no EC consumer policy.Fast forward a decade and we can observe an increase in consumer representation in European institutions promoting the development of a consumer policy. In 1973, a new Environment and Consumer Protection Service (ECPS) was created in the European Commission; the Council of the EC adopted programmes for consumer and information policy in 1975 and 1981; and a raft of consumer protection directives was being developed. Negotiations on these directives stretched over many years, reflecting both the complex regime governing the development of directives and the unanimity requirement in the Council prior to the Single European Act. Finally, the expansion of EC consumer policy went hand in hand with an important shift in the

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Section: Agenda Set Ting For Ec Consumer Policy Before Uk Accessionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond 1973: UK Accession and the Origins of EC Consumer Policy

Leucht

2022

Global Policy

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“…In the early 1960s, the OECD did not initially pay attention to the market trade and environmental protection (Meyer, 2017). Until the early 1920s, the contradictions between market trade and environmental protection were formally classified as OECD structures.…”

Section: (A) Organization For Economic Cooperation and Development (O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

World Trade Organisation System

Aboagye¹,

Owusu²,

Yamoah³

et al. 2022

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In today’s world, sustainable development has become the consensus of the international community. With the development and progress of the world economy and the launch of the wave of environmental protection in the world, market trade and environmental protection issues have gradually gained the full attention of government departments and people in many countries around the world, and gradually developed into one of the core issues in the global political, economic and multi-industry fields. The laws and regulations on environmental protection adopted by international organizations and countries and the basic rules of market trade constitute the basis for applying environmental control supervision. The researchers adopted a systematic online search to identify journal articles, reports, and other relevant documents related to the market trade and environmental protection. The online search was done mainly on Google, Google Scholar and Bing to retrieve related documents on market trade and environmental protection. The study unraveled a complex relationship between market trade and environmental protection, and the international community has paid too much attention. Foreign trade policy aims to avoid the development of a new market trade restriction and implementation program, protect market trade, eliminate the existing barriers to the market trade, restrict market trade laws and regulations, and finally achieve the way to increase the effectiveness of market trade. Therefore, environmental protection and market trade are two systems, and it is a core contradiction to abide by which fundamental principles are observed. To solve and deal with the relationship between market trade and the environment, it must redefine the relevant influencing factors in these two systems. The researchers suggested that through the coordination of management, there should be a careful study from the experience of relevant organizations, such as the European Union, NAFTA, OECD and then put forward specific ideas for coordinated management.

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“…What is paid by the polluter is a form of responsibility by "paying" the cost of environmental prevention and management which is assessed or reflected by the output and/or residue resulting from the production process. (Meyer, 2017). Then what is covered by the polluter?…”

Section: Polluter Pay Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Tax: Principles and Implementation in Indonesia

Safitra

Hanifah²

2021

Jurnal Pajak dan Keuangan Negara

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The Covid-19 pandemic and the failure to achieve tax targets over the past 5 years prompted the need to find a new tax base. Environmental tax can be an option for state revenue. This study lists the advantages and challenges of implementing environmental taxes in Indonesia. Apart from that, this research also tries to examine the regulations that might encourage the implementation of environmental taxes in Indonesia. This study finds that the environmental tax applied in Indonesia has not met the criteria generally accepted in the international community.

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Who should pay for pollution? The OECD, the European Communities and the emergence of environmental policy in the early 1970s

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Beyond 1973: UK Accession and the Origins of EC Consumer Policy

Beyond 1973: UK Accession and the Origins of EC Consumer Policy

World Trade Organisation System

Environmental Tax: Principles and Implementation in Indonesia

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