“…With the advantages of label-free, non-intrusive, real-time biomolecule detection, SPR biosensors have been widely applied in life science, drug development, environmental monitoring, and food safety [17,18,19]. An increasing number of research groups have been dedicated to studying the detection of the pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus , bacteriophages, and E. coli O157:H7 using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and the electrochemical method [20,21,22,23,24]. Compared with the QCM and the electrochemical method, SPR has some prominent advantages: firstly, it can achieve real time monitoring of biomolecular interactions; secondly, it can determine both kinetics parameters.…”