Why are some coronavirus variants more infectious?

Mukherjee, Raju; Satardekar, Rohit

doi:10.1007/s12038-021-00221-y

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…As we employed surrogate virus neutralization assays with RBD peptides only, our findings suggest that mutations besides the Delta-specific L452R and T478K are responsible for the loss of neutralization described in conventional virus neutralization tests [22,23]. Moreover, our findings attribute a reduced vaccine effectiveness against Delta not only to the loss of susceptibility against neutralizing antibodies but also to an altered T cell reactivity and/or increased viral transmission [11,24,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Higher SARS-CoV-2 Spike Binding Antibody Levels and Neutralization Capacity 6 Months after Heterologous Vaccination with AZD1222 and BNT162b2

et al. 2022

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Within a year after the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, several vaccines had been developed, clinically evaluated, proven to be efficacious in preventing symptomatic disease, and licensed for global use. The remaining questions about the vaccines concern the duration of protection offered by vaccination and its efficacy against variants of concern. Therefore, we set out to analyze the humoral and cellular immune responses 6 months into homologous and heterologous prime-boost vaccinations. We recruited 190 health care workers and measured their anti-spike IgG levels, their neutralizing capacities against the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain and the Delta variant using a surrogate viral neutralization test, and their IFNγ-responses towards SARS-CoV-2-derived spike peptides. We here show that IFNγ secretion in response to peptide stimulation was significantly enhanced in all three vaccination groups and comparable in magnitude. In contrast, the heterologous prime-boost regimen using AZD1222 and BNT162b2 yielded the highest anti-spike IgG levels, which were 3–4.5 times more than the levels resulting from homologous AZD1222 and BNT162b2 vaccination, respectively. Likewise, the neutralizing capacity against both the wild type as well as the Delta receptor binding domains was significantly higher following the heterologous prime-boost regimen. In conclusion, our results suggest that mixing different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines might lead to more efficacious and longer-lasting humoral protection against breakthrough infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Higher SARS-CoV-2 Spike Binding Antibody Levels and Neutralization Capacity 6 Months after Heterologous Vaccination with AZD1222 and BNT162b2

et al. 2022

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Excludes 1,105 detections for which lineage data is suppressed and 19,550 detections for which lineage data is not available 2. Epidemiological week/year, with the last day of the week given in parentheses 3.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial growth rate of emerging SARS-CoV-2 lineages in England, September 2020–December 2021

Smallman–Raynor

Cliff

2022

Epidemiol. Infect.

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This paper uses a robust method of spatial epidemiological analysis to assess the spatial growth rate of multiple lineages of SARS-CoV-2 in the local authority areas of England, September 2020-December 2021. Using the genomic surveillance records of the COVID-19Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, the analysis identifies a substantial (7.6-fold) difference in the average rate of spatial growth of 37 sample lineages, from the slowest (Delta AY.4.3) to the fastest (Omicron BA.1). Spatial growth of the Omicron (B.1.1.529 and BA) variant was found to be 2.81× faster than the Delta (B.1.617.2 and AY) variant and 3.76× faster than the Alpha (B.1.1.7 and Q) variant. In addition to AY.4.2 (a designated variant under investigation, VUI-21OCT-01), three Delta sublineages (AY.43, AY.98 and AY.120) were found to display a statistically faster rate of spatial growth than the parent lineage and would seem to merit further investigation. We suggest that the monitoring of spatial growth rates is a potentially valuable adjunct to outbreak response procedures for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in a defined population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emerging lineages of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have the potential to place significant pressure on public health systems due to increased infectivity, transmissibility, virulence, immune escape or other fitness advantage [1, 2]. Global genomic surveillance has identified >1,700 SARS-CoV-2 lineages since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic [3, 4], of which Alpha (B.1.1.7 and Q), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2 and AY) and Omicron (B.1.1.529 and BA) have been designated as variants of concern by the World Health Organization (WHO) on account of their global public health significance [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Growth Rate of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Lineages in England, September 2020–December 2021

Smallman–Raynor

Cliff

2022

Preprint

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This paper uses a robust method of spatial epidemiological analysis to assess the spatial growth rate of multiple lineages of SARS-CoV-2 in the local authority areas of England, September 2020–December 2021. Using the genomic surveillance records of the COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, the analysis identifies a substantial (7.6-fold) difference in the average rate of spatial growth of 37 sample lineages, from the slowest (Delta AY.4.3) to the fastest (Omicron BA.1). Spatial growth of the Omicron (B.1.1.529 and BA) variant was found to be 2.81× faster than the Delta (B.1.617.2 and AY) variant and 3.76× faster than the Alpha (B.1.1.7 and Q) variant. In addition to AY.4.2 (a designated variant under investigation, VUI-21OCT-01), three Delta sublineages (AY.43, AY.98 and AY.120) were found to display a statistically faster rate of spatial growth than the parent lineage and would seem to merit further investigation. We suggest that the monitoring of spatial growth rates is a potentially valuable adjunct to routine assessments of the growth of emerging SARS-CoV-2 lineages in a defined population.

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Why are some coronavirus variants more infectious?

Cited by 21 publications

References 57 publications

Higher SARS-CoV-2 Spike Binding Antibody Levels and Neutralization Capacity 6 Months after Heterologous Vaccination with AZD1222 and BNT162b2

Higher SARS-CoV-2 Spike Binding Antibody Levels and Neutralization Capacity 6 Months after Heterologous Vaccination with AZD1222 and BNT162b2

Spatial growth rate of emerging SARS-CoV-2 lineages in England, September 2020–December 2021

Spatial Growth Rate of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Lineages in England, September 2020–December 2021

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