“…As Campbell, Goodie, andFoster (2004) put it, NPI narcissists "swing for the fences" in their quest for self-enhancement. They seem to recognize the costs of failure when they take risks, but still choose to bet on their ability to succeed (Foster, Shenesey, & Goff, 2009). NPI narcissists' aggressive style of self-enhancement bears little resemblance to the self-protective caution typically displayed by people who lack self-esteem or confidence (see Baumeister, Tice, & Hutton, 1989;Tice & Baumeister, 1990 for evidence that self-enhancement is not inherently self-protective).…”