Why Do UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Get Less Recognition than National Parks? A Landscape Research Perspective on Protected Area Narratives in Germany

Aschenbrand, Erik; Michler, Thomas

doi:10.3390/su132413647

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…These areas are characterized by having their objectives incorporated into various policies and actively promoted. In contrast to national parks, which prioritize the preservation and regeneration of nature, biosphere reserves adopt a more comprehensive and inclusive approach, as highlighted by [52]. This means that Biosphere Reserves combine nature conservation with sustainable social, cultural, and economic development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Biosphere Reserves in Poland–Problems of the Polish Law and Nature Legacy

Raszka,

Hełdak

2023

Sustainability

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The article addresses the issue of the management and functioning of biosphere reserves (BRs) in Poland. The hypothesis was raised that BRs in Poland are virtual rather than real entities. The study examined how the existence of BRs is reflected in Polish strategic and planning documents. The study examined documents from 1947 to 2022, i.e., Polish legal acts (archived and current), the national Strategy for Responsible Development, voivodeship strategies, and national park protection plans. It evaluated to what extent the biosphere reserves fulfil their role in Poland, as defined by the Man and Biosphere program. To verify the research questions, legal documents (laws and regulations) enacted by the Polish authorities, strategies, and planning documents created at the central and voivodeship levels, protection plans for nature conservation forms covering biosphere reserves, economic plans of entities managing biosphere reserves, and other documents were analyzed. It was shown that: (1) BRs do not have a legal basis in Polish legislation at the national level, despite Poland’s ratification of the Man and Biosphere program, (2) there is a lack of detailed information about BRs in national and voivodeship strategic documents (development strategies and spatial development plans for voivodeships), (3) the existence of biosphere reserves does not translate into spatial planning principles at the local level (municipalities), (4) there is no legal possibility to separate tasks related to biosphere reserves in nature conservation protection plans (national parks, nature reserves, and landscape parks), (5) in the case of transboundary BRs, the Inspection carried out in the Carpathians International Biosphere Reserve (Poland-Ukraine-Slovakia) showed only formal cooperation, not practical. In conclusion, the management of BRs and the implementation of tasks contained in the MaB program, particularly those related to sustainable development of the environment, society, and economy, are ineffective due to the lack of legal authorization in Poland.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Biosphere Reserves in Poland–Problems of the Polish Law and Nature Legacy

Raszka,

Hełdak

2023

Sustainability

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“…The issue is particularly dire in developing countries such as Vietnam, which boasts a remarkably high biodiversity [ 8 , 9 ] and is home to 11 UNESCO Biosphere Reserves, the second-highest number in SE Asia [ 10 – 12 ]. To fully implement functions of UNESCO BRs, the importance of awareness-raising and outreach has constantly been emphasized [ 7 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…UNESCO BRs cover more than 7 million km 2 and could contribute ca. 4.5% to the conventional area-based protected areas [4], Biosphere Reserves are in general far less recognized than traditional protected areas such as national parks [7]. The issue is particularly dire in developing countries such as Vietnam, which boasts a remarkably high biodiversity [8,9] and is home to 11 UNESCO Biosphere Reserves, the second-highest number in SE Asia [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Langbiangia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae endemic to Langbiang Plateau, southern Vietnam and a taxonomic endeavor to achieve key targets of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework

et al. 2023

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Situated in the southern end of the Annamite Mountain Range, Langbiang Plateau is a major biodiversity hotspot of southern Vietnam known for high species diversity and endemicity. To achieve effective conservation, parts of the plateau were designated as the Langbiang Biosphere Reserve, an UNESCO World Network aiming to improve relationships between inhabitants and their environments. Amongst the rich endemic flora of the plateau are three gesneriads ascribed to Primulina, a calciphilous genus with high species diversity in the vast limestone karsts stretching from southern China to northern Vietnam. However, a recent phylogenetic study questioned the generic placement of the Langbiang Primulina, corroborating with observations on the geographical distribution, habitat preference, and phyllotaxy of the three species. Based on phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ITS and plastid trnL-F DNA sequences of a comprehensive sampling covering nearly all genera of the Old World Gesneriaceae, we demonstrate that the three Langbiang Primulina species form a fully supported clade distantly related to other Primulina. As this clade is biogeographically, ecologically, morphologically, and phylogenetically distinct worthy of generic recognition, we propose to name it Langbiangia gen. nov. to highlight the rich and unique biodiversity of the Langbiang Plateau. By means of this taxonomic endeavor, we are hoping to raise the conservation awareness of this biodiversity heritage of southern Vietnam and promote the importance of Langbiang Biosphere Reserve that is crucial for achieving action-oriented global targets of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework (GBF) of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)—effective conservation and management of at least 30% of biodiverse terrestrial, inland water, and costal and marine areas by 2030—that has been agreed at the COP15 in Montréal in December 2022.

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“…The public consultation process broke up the old pattern of policy making and policy implementation and finally led to a modification of the strictly protected zone, in the form of the establishment of transfer zones, or UNESCO biospheres zones, where human activity and development is allowed to a specified extent (Aschenbrand and Michler, 2021). In addition, a longer transmission time, from managed forest to protected zone, was agreed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Triple Helix Twins: Operationalizing the Sustainability Agenda in the Northern Black Forest National Park in Germany

2022

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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) gives policy recommendations based on scientific research and agreed climate targets. We outline the concepts and requirements for implementing the sustainability goals. The Triple Helix Twin model is tested as method to analyze the governance of environmental policy formation and implementation. The model is applied to the controversial case of creating the large-scale natural area Northern Park Black Forest in Germany in the period of 2011 to 2014. The protected zone was set up employing criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN (Category II National Parks). The findings indicate that the creation of protected areas need the participation of stakeholders to address so-called wicked problems that arise between diverse social needs and science based expert knowledge. Findings contribute to the operationalization of the Triple Helix Twins (THT) model for analysing policy impact and transformational governance. We recommend to employ the Triple Helix Twins for future comparative research of the transition from high level concept to local realization.

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Why Do UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Get Less Recognition than National Parks? A Landscape Research Perspective on Protected Area Narratives in Germany

Cited by 8 publications

References 80 publications

Implementation of Biosphere Reserves in Poland–Problems of the Polish Law and Nature Legacy

Implementation of Biosphere Reserves in Poland–Problems of the Polish Law and Nature Legacy

Langbiangia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae endemic to Langbiang Plateau, southern Vietnam and a taxonomic endeavor to achieve key targets of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework

Triple Helix Twins: Operationalizing the Sustainability Agenda in the Northern Black Forest National Park in Germany

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