Why has the pedestrian death rate decreased in Spain between 1993 and 2011? An application of the decomposition method

Abstract

A decomposition procedure was used to estimate the percentage contributions of exposure, risk of collision and fatality to explain the decreases in pedestrian collision death rates observed in Spain from 1993 to 2011. Information was obtained from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics and the Spanish Register of Road Crashes with Victims. A quasi-induced method was used to obtain estimates of annual pedestrian exposure. Poisson regression was used to obtain age-adjusted and sex-adjusted estimates of the mean annual percentage decrease in pedestrian death rates attributable to exposure, collision and fatality; these values were +2.28%, -45.86% and -51.86%, respectively. The results suggest that the decrease in fatality rates and, to a lesser extent, collision rates were the most important determinants of the reduction in pedestrian collision death rates, whereas the contribution of exposure was irrelevant.

Years of Life Lost Due to Premature Death and Their Trends in People With Selected Neurological Disorders in Shanghai, China, 1995–2018: A Population-Based Study

“…In most cases, the etiology of neurological disorders is likely to be complex and involve an interplay between demographic and non-demographic factors. Decomposition method has been utilized to determine the relative contributions of exposures to differences in mortality rates among different groups of people (12,26). In this study, we employed the decomposition method to quantitatively identify the contributions of demographic or non-demographic factors to the changing trend of mortality rates due to neurological disorders.…”

Mortalidade de pedestres em acidentes de trânsito no Brasil: análise de tendência temporal, 1996-2015*

“…11 In Iran, there was a 20% decrease between 2009 and 2015, with an average decrease of 4% per annum.12 In Spain, the crude pedestrian mortality coefficient fell by 67% between 1993 and 2011. 13 In Brazil, when comparing the year 2000 with the year 2010, a study of traffic accident mortality coefficients and population size found a reduction in changes in the risk of pedestrian mortality in the majority of the country's states. The highest coefficients were found in municipalities with between 100,000 and 500,000 inhabitants in 2000, and in those with more than 500,000 inhabitants in 2010.…”

Mechanisms of injury of pedestrians in road traffic accidents

“…Od strane mnogih stručnjaka koji se bave ovom sudskomedicinskom problematikom preporučuje se neophodnost veoma pažljivog razmatranja kriterijuma koji se primenjuju u ovakvim istraživanjima, kao i dodatnih obeležja koja utiču na dinamiku i mehanizam povređivanja [8,9,18]. Ova oblast forenzičkih istraživanja je izazov i inspiracija velikom broju autora [4,5,8,9,18].…”

“…Ova oblast forenzičkih istraživanja je izazov i inspiracija velikom broju autora [4,5,8,9,18]. B. Karger i saradnici [12] navode 3 kriterijuma u utvrđivanju mehanizma povređivanja koji obezbeđuju neophodan uslov da je DISKUSIJA / / lokalizacija primarnog kontakta obavezno ispod tačke teži-šta tela (centra gravitacije): 1.…”

“…Najveći broj autora je saglasan da odnos uticaja brzine i eventualnog mehanizma nastanka primarnih ili sekundarnih povreda, ne može da bude utvrđen ukoliko se ne isključe sve mogućnosti drugih načina povređivanja [8,9,18,19]. Kada mehanička sila deluje na ljudsko telo u uspravnom položaju i stojećem stavu, pri čemu je tačka primarnog kontakta ispod centra gravitacije (ispod težišta tela) i ove su činjenice nesumnjivo utvrđene, onda u naletu putničkog automobila na odraslog pešaka nastaju karakteristične povrede.…”