Why is prostate cancer incidence rising in young men?

Sartor, Oliver

doi:10.1002/cncr.32497

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Patients with early‐onset PCa have gradually become a distinctive subset among PCa patients due to the significantly increased incidence 31 . Accurately and effectively predicting the prognosis of cancer patients is of great significance for clinical treatment and guideline formulation 32,33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with early‐onset PCa have gradually become a distinctive subset among PCa patients due to the significantly increased incidence. 31 Accurately and effectively predicting the prognosis of cancer patients is of great significance for clinical treatment and guideline formulation. 32 , 33 Patient prognosis is reflected not only by several pathological indicators included in the TNM classification system but also by social and other clinicopathological factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nomogram for predicting the overall survival of patients with early‐onset prostate cancer: A population‐based retrospective study

Qiao

Zheng

et al. 2022

Cancer Medicine

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Background The incidence of early‐onset prostate cancer (PCa) has increased significantly over the past few decades. It is necessary to develop a prognostic nomogram for the prediction of overall survival (OS) in early‐onset PCa patients. Methods A total of 23,730 early‐onset PCa patients (younger than 55 years old) between 2010 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were enrolled for the current study, and randomly separated into the training cohort and the validation cohort. 361 eligible early‐onset PCa patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas‐Prostate Adenocarcinoma (TCGA‐PRAD) cohort were obtained as the external validation cohort. Independent predictors were selected by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and a prognostic nomogram was constructed for 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS. The accurate and discriminative abilities of the nomogram were evaluated by the concordance index (C‐index), receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration plot, net reclassification index (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Results Multivariate Cox analysis showed that race, marital status, TNM stage, prostate‐specific antigen, Gleason score, and surgery were significantly associated with poor prognosis of PCa. A nomogram consisting of these variables was established, which had higher C‐indexes than the TNM system (training cohort: 0.831 vs. 0.746, validation cohort: 0.817 vs. 0.752). Better AUCs of the nomogram than the TNM system at 1, 3, and 5 years were found in both the training cohort and the validation cohort. The 3‐year and 5‐year AUCs of the nomogram in the TCGA‐PRAD cohort were 0.723 and 0.679, respectively. The calibration diagram, NRI, and IDI also showed promising prognostic value in OS. Conclusions We developed an effective prognostic nomogram for OS prediction in early‐onset PCa patients, which will further assist both the precise clinical treatment and the assessment of long‐term outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nomogram for predicting the overall survival of patients with early‐onset prostate cancer: A population‐based retrospective study

Qiao

Zheng

et al. 2022

Cancer Medicine

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“…However, the incidence of prostate cancer in young men is increasing, posing a higher risk of metastasis and increased mortality in an increasingly young population. 1 Overexpression of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) depicts the poor outcome for cancer patients in many cancer types. TGFβ is a multifunctional cytokine involved in many cellular processes including cell growth, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, cellular homeostasis, apoptosis, and other cellular functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Gene Expression Regulation Mediated by TGFβ Through H3K9me3 Mark

2022

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Background: Epigenetic alterations play an important part in carcinogenesis. Different biological responses, including cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, invasion, and senescence, are affected by epigenetic alterations in cancer. In addition, growth factors, such as transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) are important regulators of tumorigenesis. Our understanding of the interplay between the epigenetic bases of tumorigenesis and growth factor signaling in tumorigenesis is rudimentary. Some studies suggest a link between TGFβ signaling and the heterochromatinizing histone mark H3K9me3. There is evidence for signal-dependent interactions between R-Smads and histone methyltransferases. However, the effects of TGFβ signaling on genome wide H3K9me3 landscape remains unknown. Our research examines TGFβ -induced genome-wide H3K9me3 in prostate cancer. Method: Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing was performed to analyze genome-wide association of H3K9me3 epigenetic mark. DAVID Functional annotation tool was utilized to understand the involvement of different Biological Processes and Molecular Function. MEME-ChIP tool was also used to analyze known and novel DNA-binding motifs. Results: H3K9me3 occupancy appears to increase at intronic regions after short-term (6 hours) TGFβ stimulation and at distal intergenic regions during long-term stimulation (24 hours). We also found evidence for a possible association of SLC transporters with H3K9me3 mark in presence of TGFβ during tumorigenesis. No direct correlation was found between the occupancy of H3K9me3 mark and the expression of various genes. The epigenetic mechanisms-mediated regulation of gene expression by TGFβ was concentrated at promoters rich in SRY and FOXJ3 binding sites. Conclusion: Our results point toward a positive association of oncogenic function of TGFβ and the H3K9me3 mark and provide a context to the role of H3K9me3 in TGFβ-induced cell migration and cell adhesion. Interestingly, these functions of TGFβ through H3K9me3 mark regulation seem to depend on transcriptional activation in contrast to the conventionally known repressive nature of H3K9me3.

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“…As a general rule, both incidence and mortality of PCa correlate with advancing age, with the average age at the time of diagnosis being 66 years [ 2 ]. For African American men, the incidence rates are higher when compared to White men; alarmingly, they also have the highest chance of being diagnosed at a younger age (<40 years) [ 3 ]. However, this is also true for men generally; the incidence of PCa in young men is rising, and their younger age poses a higher risk for metastatic disease and eventually a higher mortality [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For African American men, the incidence rates are higher when compared to White men; alarmingly, they also have the highest chance of being diagnosed at a younger age (<40 years) [ 3 ]. However, this is also true for men generally; the incidence of PCa in young men is rising, and their younger age poses a higher risk for metastatic disease and eventually a higher mortality [ 3 ]. It is estimated that mortality will double from 2018 to 2040, reaching 379,005 deaths worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Plasticity and Prostate Cancer: The Role of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Tumor Progression, Invasion, Metastasis and Cancer Therapy Resistance

Papanikolaou

Vourda

Syggelos

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Prostate cancer, the second most common malignancy in men, is characterized by high heterogeneity that poses several therapeutic challenges. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic, reversible cellular process which is essential in normal embryonic morphogenesis and wound healing. However, the cellular changes that are induced by EMT suggest that it may also play a central role in tumor progression, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to current therapeutic options. These changes include enhanced motility and loss of cell–cell adhesion that form a more aggressive cellular phenotype. Moreover, the reverse process (MET) is a necessary element of the metastatic tumor process. It is highly probable that this cell plasticity reflects a hybrid state between epithelial and mesenchymal status. In this review, we describe the underlying key mechanisms of the EMT-induced phenotype modulation that contribute to prostate tumor aggressiveness and cancer therapy resistance, in an effort to provide a framework of this complex cellular process.

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Why is prostate cancer incidence rising in young men?

Abstract: Globally, prostate cancer in young men is increasing in incidence. The reasons for this increase are unclear but may include ascertainment bias caused by increases in prostate‐specific antigen testing.

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Nomogram for predicting the overall survival of patients with early‐onset prostate cancer: A population‐based retrospective study

Nomogram for predicting the overall survival of patients with early‐onset prostate cancer: A population‐based retrospective study

Global Gene Expression Regulation Mediated by TGFβ Through H3K9me3 Mark

Cell Plasticity and Prostate Cancer: The Role of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Tumor Progression, Invasion, Metastasis and Cancer Therapy Resistance

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