Why is the Labour Force Participation of Women Declining in India?

Mehrotra, Santosh; Parida, Jajati Keshari

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.05.003

Cited by 168 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, large decline in rural women's work participation between 2004-2005 and 2011-2012 from these already low levels has come as a surprise, generating a minor industry of researchers trying to identify causes of this decline. Two explanations dominate: (1) Rising household incomes and rising levels of education tend to reduce supply of labour (Mehrotra and Parida 2017). (2) Changes in labour markets have pushed women out of agricultural jobs, and other opportunities have failed to materialize, reducing demands for women's labour (Klasen and Pieters 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Paradox of Declining Female Work Participation in an Era of Economic Growth

Desai

Joshi

2019

Ind. J. Labour Econ.

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The past three decades have seen the advent of major transformations in the Indian economy. The economy has achieved average growth rates of 5-9%, education has risen sharply for both men and women, fertility rates have declined, and infrastructure facilities, particularly access to electricity, cooking gas and piped water, have improved. All these factors are expected to reduce the demand for women's time spent in domestic chores and increase their opportunities for paid work. Paradoxically, however, the National Sample Surveys document a substantial decline in women's work participation rates (WPRs), particularly for rural women. Optimistic interpretation of these trends suggests that increasing prosperity accounts for women's labour force withdrawal. For young women, rising school and college enrolment is incompatible with demands of the workforce. For both young and older women, rising prosperity allows for withdrawal from economic activities to focus on domestic duties. Pessimistic interpretations of these trends suggest that it is absence of suitable jobs rather than women's withdrawal from the labour force that accounts for declining female work participation. A third explanation focuses on increasing measurement errors in work participation data from the National Sample Surveys. This paper examines these diverse explanations using data from National Sample Surveys and India Human Development Surveys for 2004-2005 and 2011-2012 and finds that: (1) Decline in rural women's work participation recorded by National Sample Surveys may be overstated; (2) supply factors explain a relatively small proportion of the decline in women's work participation rates; (3) public policies such as improvement and transportation facilities and MGNREGS that enhance work opportunities for women are associated with increased participation by women in the work force.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Paradox of Declining Female Work Participation in an Era of Economic Growth

Desai

Joshi

2019

Ind. J. Labour Econ.

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“…The same result was found by Tilly and Scott [20] for England and France, and by Suh [34] in South Korea. The feminization hypothesis has also been tested for developing countries with similar findings, such as Mammen and Paxson [33] for India and Thailand, Lahoti and Swaminathan [16] and Mehrotra and Parida [35] for India, Tansel [19] and Dildar [36] for Turkey, and Fatima and Sultana [17] for Pakistan.…”

Section: Theoretical Considerations and Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 95%

Economic Development and Female Labour Force Participation: The Case of European Union Countries

2019

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In this paper, we studied the relationship between female labour force participation and economic development in the 28 countries of the European Union during the period 1990–2016. The analysis was carried out from two different viewpoints: first, we studied all the countries of the EU-28, and second, the evidence was disaggregated into two groups of countries: old (EU-15) and new (EU-13) member estates. The data used came from the World Bank open data repository and Eurostat. The methodology used consisted of the estimation of static (Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Fixed Effects (FE)) and dynamic (generalized moments model—GMM) models. Results for all European countries (EU-28) were consistent with the hypothesis which suggests the existence of a U-shaped relationship between female labour force participation and economic development. When the sample was broken down into groups, we found evidence that confirms the feminization hypothesis for the new countries of the EU, but not for the old ones.

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“…This research critically illustrates the general execution of higher education and its impact on employability in the eastern parts of Asia (Fernandez & Kambhampati, 2017). This article applies social parameters as access to education issues and discusses predominant issues from an Asian context (Bose, 2017), (Mehrotra & Parida, 2017).…”

Section: International Perspectivementioning

confidence: 98%

Structured Education for Sustainable Employment: Technology Enabled Queueing Theory Applications

Garimella

Shenoy

Pai

et al. 2018

Foundations of Management

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Unemployment is a serious challenge that has been rising day by day. Skill development and creation of employment opportunities are key factors to address youth unemployment. This study emphasizes on the need for job-oriented education and to link education to employment. This study derives a mathematical model and tests the same using live university hiring data and attempts to integrate the three stakeholders, employers, education providers, and the young, each of whom have a unique approach, expectation, and understanding of the paradigm. Novel methodology inclusive of empirical evidence-based integration of objective fulfillment drafted into institutional pedagogy can help increase the success rate of education to employment from an Indian context especially Indian girls and women. The study outlines specific aspects of analytical intervention in this regard and focus-es on systematic training programs exclusively for vocational and skills amelioration executed to ad-dress this multidimensional challenge by adopting easily implementable software methodologies that are more easily implementable over a wide area network or an Internet-based application engine powered by information communication technology.

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Why is the Labour Force Participation of Women Declining in India?

Cited by 168 publications

References 38 publications

The Paradox of Declining Female Work Participation in an Era of Economic Growth

The Paradox of Declining Female Work Participation in an Era of Economic Growth

Economic Development and Female Labour Force Participation: The Case of European Union Countries

Structured Education for Sustainable Employment: Technology Enabled Queueing Theory Applications

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