Why it is important to determine and report the impact of probe radiation

Antonio, Emma N.; Toney, Michael F.

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2022.03.011

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…During ex situ , in situ , and operand o perovskite characterizations, a fundamental requirement refers to the nondestructive nature of the probing technique. One of the inherent characteristics of almost all characterizations is the exposure to the probing source, usually electromagnetic radiation with energies ranging from infrared to X-ray, with different intensities . Typically adopted characterization parameters may quickly degrade perovskite films or devices during measurement .…”

Section: Metal Halide Perovskite Structures and Characterization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the inherent characteristics of almost all characterizations is the exposure to the probing source, usually electromagnetic radiation with energies ranging from infrared to X-ray, with different intensities. 12 Typically adopted characterization parameters may quickly degrade perovskite films or devices during measurement. 14 One reason is the intrinsically low thermal stability of perovskites mainly related to the low formation and decomposition energy.…”

Section: Probes and Environmental Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the valuable data provided by in situ and operando measurements, it is necessary to adapt existing equipment or even pursue homemade setups to perform these measurements in most cases. Other challenges to circumvent are the poor signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, the possibility of damaging the sample due to beam probe exposure (depending on time and intensity), or even altering the film dynamics due to heating, for example. , Nevertheless, the information arising from such characterization tools is critical for providing optimized device efficiencies and higher reproducibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ and Operando Characterizations of Metal Halide Perovskite and Solar Cells: Insights from Lab-Sized Devices to Upscaling Processes

et al. 2023

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The performance and stability of metal halide perovskite solar cells strongly depend on precursor materials and deposition methods adopted during the perovskite layer preparation. There are often a number of different formation pathways available when preparing perovskite films. Since the precise pathway and intermediary mechanisms affect the resulting properties of the cells, in situ studies have been conducted to unravel the mechanisms involved in the formation and evolution of perovskite phases. These studies contributed to the development of procedures to improve the structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties of the films and to move beyond spin-coating, with the use of scalable techniques. To explore the performance and degradation of devices, operando studies have been conducted on solar cells subjected to normal operating conditions, or stressed with humidity, high temperatures, and light radiation. This review presents an update of studies conducted in situ using a wide range of structural, imaging, and spectroscopic techniques, involving the formation/ degradation of halide perovskites. Operando studies are also addressed, emphasizing the latest degradation results for perovskite solar cells. These works demonstrate the importance of in situ and operando studies to achieve the level of stability required for scale-up and consequent commercial deployment of these cells.

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Section: Metal Halide Perovskite Structures and Characterization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Probes and Environmental Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ and Operando Characterizations of Metal Halide Perovskite and Solar Cells: Insights from Lab-Sized Devices to Upscaling Processes

et al. 2023

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“…It is important to understand the effect of the probe on the system and artifacts from the measurement. 34,42 Performing measurements where probe exposure is considered as a process variable helps to differentiate the effects induced by the probe from those induced by reaction conditions.…”

Section: In Situ Probes For Redox and Structuralmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A combination of X-ray scattering and spectroscopy probes allows a better identification of the functional structure–performance relationship in working catalysts in reaction environments. It is important to understand the effect of the probe on the system and artifacts from the measurement. , Performing measurements where probe exposure is considered as a process variable helps to differentiate the effects induced by the probe from those induced by reaction conditions.…”

Section: In Situ Probes For Redox and Structural Transformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction-Mediated Transformation of Working Catalysts

et al. 2022

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Catalytic transformations are critical in a variety of thermal and electrochemical processes, including fuel and chemical generation, energy conversion, and decarbonization. Historically, various static assessment factors have been used to examine a wide range of catalytic materials. Surface, interfacial, and nanoscale phenomena have been seen in various catalytic disciplines, which are crucial to major applications. These phenomena sparked extensive discussions on how catalysts operate for reactions and adapt to working environments. With this recognition, the goal of this review is to go beyond the traditional static analysis of working catalysts and provide a perspective on the dynamic insights into structural and redox transformations at catalytic surfaces and electrified interfaces. The correlation between the transformation of working catalysts and their catalytic performance is examined, shedding light on understanding and controlling catalyst redox and structure evolution under operating conditions with properties tailored to thermochemical and electrocatalytic processes.

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How to GIWAXS: Grazing Incidence Wide Angle X‐Ray Scattering Applied to Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films

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Solano

Hardy

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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The frequency of reports utilizing synchrotron‐based grazing incident wide angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) to study metal halide perovskite thin films has exploded recently, as this technique has proven invaluable for understanding several structure‐property relationships that fundamentally limit optoelectronic performance. The GIWAXS geometry and temporal resolution are also inherently compatible with in situ and operando setups (including ISOS protocols), and a relatively large halide perovskite research community has deployed GIWAXS to unravel important kinetic and dynamic features in these materials. Considering its rising popularity, the aim here is to accelerate the required learning curve for new experimentalists by clearly detailing the underlying analytical concepts which can be leveraged to maximize GIWAXS studies of polycrystalline thin films and devices. Motivated by the vast range of measurement conditions offered, together with the wide variety of compositions and structural motifs available (i.e., from single‐crystal and polycrystalline systems, to quantum dots and layered superlatices), a comprehensive framework for conducting effective GIWAXS experiments is outlined for different purposes. It is anticipated that providing a clear perspective for this topic will help elevate the quality of future GIWAXS studies—which have become routine—and provide the impetus required to develop novel GIWAXS approaches to resolve unsettled scientific questions.

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Why it is important to determine and report the impact of probe radiation

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

In Situ and Operando Characterizations of Metal Halide Perovskite and Solar Cells: Insights from Lab-Sized Devices to Upscaling Processes

In Situ and Operando Characterizations of Metal Halide Perovskite and Solar Cells: Insights from Lab-Sized Devices to Upscaling Processes

Reaction-Mediated Transformation of Working Catalysts

How to GIWAXS: Grazing Incidence Wide Angle X‐Ray Scattering Applied to Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films

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