Wide-field diffuse amacrine cells in the monkey retina contain immunoreactive Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART)

Long, Ye; Bordt, Andrea S.; Liu, Weiley S.; Davis, Elizabeth; Lee, Stephen J.; Tseng, Luke; Chuang, Alice Z.; Whitaker, Christopher J.; Massey, Stephen C.; Sherman, Michael B; Marshak, David

doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2016.08.007

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…After this and all subsequent steps in the labeling protocols, the retina was washed in 3 changes of phosphate buffered saline (PBS); all incubations with antibodies were done at 4°C in PBS, as described previously [18]. Briefly, the retina was incubated in 1% NaBH4 at room temperature for 1 hour, followed by 10% normal goat serum and 0.3% Triton X-100 (Triton) for 2 hours at 4°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The retinas were processed as described above, and the tissue was treated with 1% OsO 4 for 1 hour, dehydrated and embedded in epon. Ultrathin sections were cut, collected on formvar-coated, single hole grids and stained with 1% aqueous uranyl acetate for 20 min followed by 0.2% aqueous lead citrate for 10–15 min [18]. Labeled profiles were imaged at 2,000 X and at 10–20,000 X in a JEOL 100CX electron microscope.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brightness, contrast and levels of confocal images were adjusted using both Zen software (Carl Zeiss Microscopy) and Photoshop (Adobe Systems). Photoshop was used to adjust the brightness and contrast of electron microscopic images and also to arrange and to annotate figures for publication [18]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wavy multistratified amacrine cells in the monkey retina contain immunoreactive secretoneurin

Bordt¹,

Long²,

Kouyama

et al. 2017

Peptides

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The goals of this study were to describe the morphology, neurotransmitter content and synaptic connections of neurons in primate retinas that contain the neuropeptide secretoneurin. Amacrine cells were labeled with antibodies to secretoneurin in macaque and baboon retinas. Their processes formed three distinct plexuses in the inner plexiform layer: one in the outermost stratum, one in the center and one in the innermost stratum. In light microscopic double immunolabeling experiments, GABA was colocalized with secretoneurin in these cells, but glycine transporter 1 and Substance P were not. ON bipolar cell axon terminals labeled with antibody to the cholecystokinin precursor, G6-gly, have ON responses to stimulation of short wavelength sensitive (S) cones. Axons of these bipolar cells made contacts with amacrine cell dendrites containing secretoneurin. Secretoneurin-IR amacrine cells also made contacts with retinal ganglion cell dendrites labeled with antibody to the photopigment melanopsin, which have OFF responses to stimulation of S cones. Using electron microscopic immunolabeling, 436 synapses from macaque retina were analyzed. Axons from bipolar cells were identified by their characteristic synaptic ribbons; their synaptic densities were asymmetric like those of excitatory synapses in the brain. Amacrine cells made and received conventional synapses with symmetric synaptic densities, like those of inhibitory synapses in the brain. Ganglion cell dendrites were identified by their absence of presynaptic specializations; they received inputs from both amacrine cells and bipolar cells. The majority of inputs to the secretoneurin-IR amacrine cells were from other amacrine cells, but they also received 21% of their input from bipolar cells. They directed most of their output, 54%, to amacrine cells, but there were many synapses onto bipolar cell axons and ganglion cell dendrites, as well. The synaptic connections were very similar in the three plexuses with one notable exception; output synapses to bipolar cells were significantly less common in the innermost one, where the S-ON bipolar cells terminate. Taken together, these findings suggest that the secretoneurin-IR amacrine cells in primates receive excitatory input from S-ON bipolar cells and, in turn, inhibit intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wavy multistratified amacrine cells in the monkey retina contain immunoreactive secretoneurin

Bordt¹,

Long²,

Kouyama

et al. 2017

Peptides

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“…Instead of retinal ganglion cells, they labeled amacrine cells in the primary rod pathway, cells that Steve had studied earlier in the rabbit retina. Steve and Chris Whitaker also contributed intracellularly injected amacrine cells, which made it possible to see individual cells rather than a network of labeled dendrites ( 14 ).…”

Section: The Twenty Tens and Twentiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stephen Massey: a career in visual neuroscience

Mills¹,

Marshak²

2023

Front. Ophthalmol.

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This review is a memoir by Dr. Stephen C. Massey’s longtime collaborator, Dr. Stephen L. Mills, and written, for the most part, in the first person. It also serves as an introduction to the virtual festschrift to celebrate Dr. Massey’s retirement. and. The references cited here are only a few of the highlights of Dr. Massey’s distinguished career. A complete list is found here: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=massey+sc+%28retina+or+photoreceptors%29&sort=date.

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Cocaine‐ and Amphetamine‐Regulated Transcript Peptide in the Central Nervous System of the Gecko, Hemidactylus leschenaultii: Molecular Characterization, Neuroanatomical Organization, and Regulation by Neuropeptide Y

Singh,

Basu,

Srivastava

et al. 2024

J of Comparative Neurology

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Neuropeptide cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) is widely expressed in the brains of teleosts, amphibians, birds, and mammals and has emerged as a conserved regulator of energy balance across these vertebrate phyla. However, as yet, there is no information on CART in the reptilian brain. We characterized the cDNA encoding CART and mapped CART‐containing elements in the brain of gecko, Hemidactylus leschenaultii (hl) using a specific anti‐CART antiserum. We report a 683‐bp hlcart transcript containing a 336‐bp open reading frame, which encodes a putative 111‐amino acid hl‐preproCART. The 89‐amino acid hl‐proCART generated from hl‐preproCART produced two putative bioactive hl‐CART‐peptides. These bioactive CART‐peptides were > 93% similar with those in rats/humans. Although reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) detected hlcart‐transcript in the brain, CART‐containing neurons/fibers were widely distributed in the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon, spinal cord, and retina. The mitral cells in olfactory bulb, neurons in the paraventricular, periventricular, arcuate (Arc), Edinger–Westphal, and brainstem nuclei were intensely CART‐positive. In view of antagonistic roles of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and CART in energy balance in the framework of mammalian hypothalamus, we probed CART–NPY interaction in the hypothalamus of H. leschenaultii. Double immunofluorescence showed a dense NPY‐innervation of Arc CART neurons. Ex vivo hypothalamic slices treated with NPY/NPY‐Y1‐receptor agonist significantly reduced hlcart‐mRNA levels in the Arc‐containing tissues and CART‐ir in the dorsal‐Arc. However, CART‐ir in ventral‐Arc was unaffected. NPY via Y1‐receptors may regulate energy balance by inhibiting dArc CART neurons. This study on CART in a reptilian brain fills the current void in literature and underscores the conserved feature of the neuropeptide across the entire vertebrate phyla.

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Wide-field diffuse amacrine cells in the monkey retina contain immunoreactive Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART)

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

Wavy multistratified amacrine cells in the monkey retina contain immunoreactive secretoneurin

Wavy multistratified amacrine cells in the monkey retina contain immunoreactive secretoneurin

Stephen Massey: a career in visual neuroscience

Cocaine‐ and Amphetamine‐Regulated Transcript Peptide in the Central Nervous System of the Gecko, Hemidactylus leschenaultii: Molecular Characterization, Neuroanatomical Organization, and Regulation by Neuropeptide Y

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