Wide-range cyclic phase matching and second harmonic generation in whispering gallery resonators

Lin, Guoping; Fürst, Josef; Strekalov, Dmitry; Yu, Nan

doi:10.1063/1.4827538

Cited by 67 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Optical WGM and ring resonators with the second-order nonlinearity have been successfully used for optical frequency doubling [107,156,257,318,330,332,333,[355][356][357][358][359][360][361][362], tripling [356,363], and quadrupling [326], as well as parametric down conversion above [108,157,158,255,319,364,365] or below [112,228,366,367] the OPO threshold. Generation of optical frequency sum [320] and difference [368] also have been demonstrated.…”

Section: Experimental Observations Of the Second-order Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear and Quantum Optics with Whispering Gallery Resonators

Strekalov

2015

Cleo: 2015

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114

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Optical whispering gallery modes (WGMs) derive their name from a famous acoustic phenomenon of guiding a wave by a curved boundary observed nearly a century ago. This phenomenon has a rather general nature, equally applicable to sound and all other waves. It enables resonators of unique properties attractive both in science and engineering. Very high quality factors of optical WGM resonators persisting in a wide wavelength range spanning from radio frequencies to ultraviolet light, their small mode volume, and tunable in-and out-coupling make them exceptionally efficient for nonlinear optical applications. Nonlinear optics facilitates interaction of photons with each other and with other physical systems, and is of prime importance in quantum optics. In this paper we review numerous applications of WGM resonators in nonlinear and quantum optics. We outline the current areas of interest, summarize progress, highlight difficulties, and discuss possible future development trends in these areas.

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Section: Experimental Observations Of the Second-order Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear and Quantum Optics with Whispering Gallery Resonators

Strekalov

2015

Cleo: 2015

Self Cite

114

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“…Other configurations are also available depending on the symmetry of the nonlinear tensor 23 . Cyclic birefringent phase matching has been demonstrated in BBO disks 27 as well as modal phase matching for third harmonic generation 28 . The nitride materials grown on silicon have a wurtzite symmetry and the only second-order nonlinear susceptibilities are χ zzz (2) , χ zxx (2) , χ zyy (2) with symmetry in the permutation of the last two indices 29 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-Matched Second Harmonic Generation With On-Chip GaN-On-Si Microdisks

Roland

Gromovyi²,

Zeng

et al. 2017

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

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We demonstrate phase-matched second harmonic generation in gallium nitride on silicon microdisks. The microdisks are integrated with side-coupling bus waveguides in a two-dimensional photonic circuit. The second harmonic generation is excited with a continuous wave laser in the telecom band. By fabricating a series of microdisks with diameters varying by steps of 8 nm, we obtain a tuning of the whispering gallery mode resonances for the fundamental and harmonic waves. Phase matching is obtained when both resonances are matched with modes satisfying the conservation of orbital momentum, which leads to a pronounced enhancement of frequency conversion.The development of on-chip optical circuits is generating numerous progress in optical interconnects, sensing and quantum technologies. The advantage of on-chip optical circuits is the capacity to integrate on a small footprint active and passive devices. One of the driving forces of their development is the integration of different types of microresonators exhibiting high quality factors and small modal volumes. Both features lead to an enhancement of nonlinear interactions that can be exploited for broadband light generation, optical switches and transfer of coherent excitation to shorter or longer wavelengths 1,2 . A particularly useful nonlinear interaction is the one associated with the second order nonlinear susceptibility. The second order nonlinearity can lead to Pockel's effect, harmonic generation, frequency mixing or spontaneous down-conversion. With a noncentrosymmetric material that exhibits a non-zero second order nonlinear susceptibility, one can either transfer a coherent excitation to shorter wavelength or generate photons from the visible to the telecom or infrared band.One of the key challenges for on-chip optical circuits is the combination of materials with specific properties and their transparency spectral range. Silicon is a material of choice for near-infrared but is strongly absorbing at wavelengths shorter than 1 μm thus ruling out its use in the visible. GaAs is also absorbing at wavelengths shorter than 870 nm and harmonic experiments require an optical excitation around 1.75-2 μm to avoid absorption 3,4 . Lithium niobate exhibits very high second order nonlinear coefficients but does not provide integrated emitters 5,6 . SiN is an interesting platform but the material is centrosymmetric, i.e. no second order processes are allowed except for surface effects 7 , and there are no efficient emitters as well. The III-nitride materials are on the contrary very attractive for the development of on-chip advanced optical circuits. The III-nitride materials are the materials of reference for visible and UV emission and as opposed to silicon can provide efficient light emitting diodes or lasers. The wide transparency range of the III-nitride materials is a key asset for nonlinear mixing, i.e. frequency doubling and down conversion, can occur either in the visible or in the telecom band. The III-nitride materials can be grown on silicon or silicon-on...

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“…This use of in-coupled power when critically coupled is notably different to Refs. [4,10,11], where unadulterated in-coupled power is used.…”

Section: B Selective Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In such a system the refractive index of the transverse magnetic (TM) mode-in addition to the effective nonlinear susceptibility-oscillates as the light propagates around the resonator's rim. This allows broadband phase matching at slightly reduced efficiency [10,11]. Although such WGM implementations still can be highly efficient, they are intrinsically limited by the external coupling rate of the harmonic light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Coupling Enhances Harmonic Generation of Whispering-Gallery Modes

et al. 2018

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We demonstrate second harmonic generation (SHG) in an x-cut congruent lithium niobate (LN) whispering gallery mode resonator. We first show theoretically that independent control of the coupling of the pump and signal modes is optimal for high conversion rates. A scheme based on our earlier work in Ref.[1] is then implemented experimentally to verify this. Thereby we are able to improve on the efficiency of SHG by more than an order of magnitude by selectively out-coupling using a LN prism, utilizing the birefringence of it and the resonator in kind. We report 5.28%/mW efficiency for SHG from 1555.4 nm to 777.7 nm.

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Wide-range cyclic phase matching and second harmonic generation in whispering gallery resonators

Cited by 67 publications

References 31 publications

Nonlinear and Quantum Optics with Whispering Gallery Resonators

Nonlinear and Quantum Optics with Whispering Gallery Resonators

Phase-Matched Second Harmonic Generation With On-Chip GaN-On-Si Microdisks

Selective Coupling Enhances Harmonic Generation of Whispering-Gallery Modes

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