“…Section 5 is devoted to the concept of projected dynamical system in the context of variational inequalities, which was introduced by Dupuis and Nagurney [35] by using the fixedpoint formulation of the variational inequalities. For the recent development and applications of the dynamical systems, see [13,34,35,40,41,56,75,79,109,115,116,122]. In this technique, we reformulate the variational inequality problem as an initial value problem.…”