Wigner distribution function of superposed quantum states for a time-dependent oscillator-like Hamiltonian system

Abstract

The outbreak of the disease and infection in the hospital environment and medical equipment is one of the concerns of modern life. One of the effective ways for preventing and reducing the complications of infections is modification of the surface. Here, the handmade atmospheric plasma spray system is used for accumulating copper as an antibacterial agent on the 316L stainless steel substrate, which applies to hospital environment and medical equipment. As a durable coating with proper adhesion is needed on the substrate, the effect of stand-off distance (SOD) which is an important parameter of the spray on the microstructure, the hardness and adhesion of the copper coating on the 316L stainless steel were investigated. The structure and phase composition of copper depositions were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The adhesion and hardness of depositions are evidenced using the cross cut tester and Vickers hardness tester, respectively. The findings confirm that the voids in the coatings increase with increasing SOD, which leads to decreasing the hardness of coatings and also the adhesion strength between depositions and substrate. In addition, by increasing the SOD, the oxygen content and the size of grains in the lamellae (fine structure) of coatings also increase.

Analysis of Novel Oscillations of Quantized Mechanical Energy in Mass-Accreting Nano-Oscillator Systems

“…Hamiltonians of most actual physical systems such as forced oscillators [1][2][3][4][5], massaccreting oscillators [6][7][8][9][10][11], and damped oscillators [11][12][13][14][15] are a function of time. For this reason, these systems are called time-dependent Hamiltonian systems (TDHSs).…”

Quantum Analysis on Time Behavior of a Lengthening Pendulum

“…It is allowed that the WDF takes negative values as well as positive ones in phase space. The negativity of the WDF is, in fact, one of the primary nonclassical effects of quantum mechanics [34,35]. The WDF, given in (23), enables us to study the quantum statistical properties of the system in configuration space.…”