Wigner representation for entanglement swapping using parametric down conversion: the role of vacuum fluctuations in teleportation

Casado, Alberto; Guerra, S.; Plácido, J.

doi:10.1080/09500340.2014.983571

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The case n = 2 (polarisation-momentum hyperentanglement) has been studied with the WRHP approach in [35]. On the other hand, Equation (36) has been recently applied to the analysis of the four polarisation-momentum Bell-states corresponding to only one photon [37].…”

Section: Zpf and The Limits On Optimal Bsmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study of this experiment was done with the Wigner approach, with the aim of stressing the role of ZPF in teleportation [52]. The significant contribution of this paper is that we analyse the mechanism leading to the fulfillment of Equation (36) in one-photon polarisation-momentum BSM.…”

Section: The Meaning Of Teleportation In Terms Of the Zeropoint Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By taking into account that there are two idle channels inside the analyser, each introducing two sets of ZPF modes, we have N noise ZPF,A = 4. By applying Equations (36) and (37), the maximal distinguishability is:…”

Section: Hidden Variables and Complete One-photon Polarisation-momentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(iii) Entanglement swapping and the Rome teleportation experiment have been studied in order to give a different point of view of teleportation, based on the correlations mediated by the zeropoint field. The projection postulate is replaced by the consideration of a suitable contribution of vacuum inputs at the analysers [36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Stochastic Optics to the Wigner Formalism: The Role of the Vacuum Field in Optical Quantum Communication Experiments

Casado

Guerra

Plácido

2019

Atoms

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TheWigner formalism in the Heisenberg picture constitutes a bridge that connects QuantumOptics to Stochastic Optics. The vacuum field appears explicitly in the formalism, and the wavelikeaspects of light are emphasised. In addition, the zeropoint intensity as a threshold for detection is acommon denominator in both theories. In this paper, after summarising the basic rules of the Wignerapproach and its application to parametric down-conversion, some new results are presented thatdelve into the physical meaning of the zeropoint field in optical quantum communication. Specifically,the relationship between Bell-state distinguishability and the number of sets of zeropoint modesthat take part in the experiment is analysed in terms of the coupling between the phases of thedifferent fields involved and the subtraction of the zeropoint intensity at the detectors. Additionally,the connection between the compatibility theorem in quantum cryptography and zeropoint fieldis stressed.

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Section: Zpf and The Limits On Optimal Bsmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Meaning Of Teleportation In Terms Of the Zeropoint Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hidden Variables and Complete One-photon Polarisation-momentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

From Stochastic Optics to the Wigner Formalism: The Role of the Vacuum Field in Optical Quantum Communication Experiments

Casado

Guerra

Plácido

2019

Atoms

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“…In contrast, in the Rome teleportation experiment only two entangled photons are used, and the qubit to be teleported is encoded in one of two ZPF inputs in experiments on quantum cryptography [27], partial BSM [28], hyperentanglement and complete BSM [29], and entanglement swapping [30]. Two features of the ZPF constitute the common denominator in these works.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rome teleportation experiment analysed in the Wigner representation: the role of the zeropoint fluctuations in complete one-photon polarization-momentum Bell-state analysis

Casado

Guerra

Plácido

2018

Journal of Modern Optics

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AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank Prof. E. Santos for revising the manuscript, and for helpful suggestions and comments on the work. We are grateful for the insights gained in conversations with R. Risco-Delgado. AbstractThe Wigner representation of parametric down conversion in the Heisenberg picture is applied to the study of the Rome teleportation experiment. We investigate the physical meaning of the zeropoint inputs at the different areas of the experimental setup. In particular, we establish a quantitative relationship between the zeropoint sets of modes that are needed for the preparation of the quantum state to be teleported, the idle channels inside the one-photon polarization-momentum Bell-state analyser, and the possibility of performing teleportation of a polarization state whith certainty. arXiv:1707.09624v1 [quant-ph] 30 Jul 2017 degrees of freedom (polarization or momentum) of Alice's photon [15]. The other photon of the down converted pair is sent to Bob. The advantage of this teleportation scheme is that a complete BSM of one-photon polarizationmomentum Bell-states is possible. Nevertheless, the input state cannot be supplied by an external system, and this presents some limitations, such as the inability to teleport entangled or mixed states [2]. The result obtained by Alice is communicated to Bob, who uses this information to apply one out of four unitary transformations, in order to reproduce the original state. This experiment was proposed by Popescu [20] and performed in Rome [15] by using two-photon momentum entanglement, and polarization coding for preparing the qubit to be teleported. The Innsbruck and Rome experiments omitted the final stage of teleportation, the unitary transformations applied by Bob after the classical communication in order to reconstruct the unknown state. This was accomplished using nuclear magnetic resonance [21], and later the first long-distance optical quantum teleportation experiment with active feed-forward in real time was accomplished [22].The Wigner representation of quantum optics in the Heisenberg picture (WRHP) has been applied in recent years to the study of experiments on quantum communication using photons generated via parametric down conversion. The WRHP formalism of PDC resembles nonlinear classical optics, by taking into consideration the vacuum inputs at the nonlinear crystal and the different linear optical devices placed between the source of down converted photons and the detectors. The zeropoint field (ZPF) appears as a stochastic field that couples with the laser beam into the crystal, giving rise to the down converted beams [23,24]. In this way, the signals emitted by the crystal constitute needles of radiation generated by the amplification of vacuum fluctuations [25]. These signals propagate according to the classical Maxwell equations, so that the WRHP formalism of PDC emphasizes the wave-like aspects in the generation and propagation of light [26]. The Wigner function of PDC is positive, and corresponds to the Gaussian Wi...

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Local Realistic Interpretation of Entangled Photon Pairs in the Weyl-Wigner Formalism

Santos

2020

Front. Phys.

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A polarization correlation experiment with two maximally entangled photons created by spontaneous parametric down-conversion is studied in the Weyl-Wigner formalism, that reproduces the quantum predictions. A realistic stochastic interpretation is proposed suggesting that an analysis of the experiments more detailed than the Bell approach may be compatible with local realism. Entanglement appears as a correlation between fluctuations of signal and vacuum fields.

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Wigner representation for entanglement swapping using parametric down conversion: the role of vacuum fluctuations in teleportation

Cited by 4 publications

References 46 publications

From Stochastic Optics to the Wigner Formalism: The Role of the Vacuum Field in Optical Quantum Communication Experiments

From Stochastic Optics to the Wigner Formalism: The Role of the Vacuum Field in Optical Quantum Communication Experiments

Rome teleportation experiment analysed in the Wigner representation: the role of the zeropoint fluctuations in complete one-photon polarization-momentum Bell-state analysis

Local Realistic Interpretation of Entangled Photon Pairs in the Weyl-Wigner Formalism

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