Wilderness-Adventure Therapy In Adolescent Mental Health

Healthy nature healthy people: ‘contact with nature’ as an upstream health promotion intervention for populations

“…According to these criteria, the health benefits of contact with nature, in particular publiclyowned nature, which would be regarded as a national health resource, should be thoroughly investigated. Friedmann et al, 1983a;Friedmann et al, 1983b;Parsons, 1991;Ulrich, et al, 1991b;Rohde and Kendle, 1994;Beck and Katcher, 1996;Frumkin, 2001) Natural environments foster recovery from mental fatigue and are restorative ü ü ü (Furnass, 1979;Kaplan and Kaplan, 1989;Kaplan and Kaplan, 1990;Hartig et al, 1991;Kaplan, 1995) There are established methods of nature-based therapy (including wilderness, horticultural and animal-assisted therapy among others) that have success healing patients who previously had not responded to treatment ü ü ü (Levinson, 1969;Beck et al, 1986;Lewis, 1996;Crisp and O'Donnell, 1998;Russell et al, 1999;Fawcett and Gullone, 2001;Pryor, 2003) When given a choice people prefer natural environments (particularly those with water features, large old trees, intact vegetation or minimal human influence) to urban ones, regardless of nationality or culture ü ü (Parsons, 1991;Newell, 1997;Herzog et al, 2000) The majority of places that people consider favourite or restorative are natural places, and being in these places is recuperative ü ü ü Kaplan, 1989 Rohde andKendle, 1994;Korpela and Hartig, 1996;Herzog et al, 1997;Newell, 1997;Herzog et al, 2000) People have a more positive outlook on life and higher life satisfaction when in proximity to nature (particularly in urban areas) ü ü ü (Kaplan and Kaplan, 1989;Kaplan, 1992a;Lewis, 1996;Leather et al, 1998;Kuo, 2001;…”

People and green spaces: promoting public health and mental well‐being through ecotherapy

“…The term ecotherapy has been critiqued and discussed as one that may not be fully endorsed by all schools of thought in therapy. Burns argues that the term can be interchanged with Kaplan, 1990;Hartig et al, 1991;Kaplan, 1995 There are established methods of nature-based therapy Levinson, 1969;Katcher & Beck, 1983;(including wilderness, horticultural and animal-assisted Beck et al, 1986;Lewis, 1996; Crisp & therapy, among others) that have success healing O'Donnell, 1998;Russell et al, 1999; patients who previously have not responded to treatment Fawcett & Gullone, 2001;Pryor, 2003 When given a choice people prefer natural Parsons, 1991; Newell, 1997; environments (particularly those with water features, Herzog et al, 2000 large old trees, intact vegetation or minimal human influence) to urban ones, regardless of nationality or culture…”

Incorporating Nature into Therapy: A Framework for Practice

“…It was also used in caring for children with special needs, families, anorexic women, and people suffering from psychiatric illness (Bandoroff, 2003;Burg, 2001;Crisp & O'Donnell, 1998;Richards, Peel, Smith, & Owen, 2001;Roberts, Horwood, Aunger, & Wong, 1998). Adventure therapy usually approaches nature as a setting (location) and as a provider of challenges in what constitutes a concrete and task-oriented process (Beringer & Martin, 2003;Itin, 1998;Richards & Smith, 2003;Ringer, 2003).…”