Will krill fare well under Southern Ocean acidification?

Kawaguchi, So; Kurihara, Haruko; King, Robert A.; Hale, Lillian V. A.; Berli, Thomas; Robinson, James P. W.; Ishida, Akio; Wakita, Masashi; Virtue, Patti; Nicol, Stephen; Ishimatsu, Atsushi

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0777

Cited by 95 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our study shows that deformities occur in lobster larvae raised in pCO 2 levels higher than 727 µatm, independently of temperatures being 10 or 18 • C. Deformities due to OA has been documented on the embryonic in some marine invertebrate species, often resulting in low or even no hatching success (Parker et al, 2009;Kawaguchi et al, 2010;Byrne, 2011), but also in the larval stages in a few species (Kurihara, 2008;Byrne et al, 2011, and references therein). Whiteley (2011) not affect larval conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Deformities in larvae and juvenile European lobster (<i>Homarus gammarus</i>) exposed to lower pH at two different temperatures

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The ongoing warming and acidification of the world's oceans are expected to influence the marine ecosystems, including benthic marine resources. Ocean acidification may especially have an impact on calcifying organisms, and the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) is among those species at risk. A project was initiated in 2011 aiming to investigate long-term effects of ocean acidification on the early life-cycle of lobster under two temperatures. Larvae were exposed to pCO 2 levels of ambient water (water intake at 90 m depth), medium 750 (pH = 7.79) and high 1200 µatm pCO 2 (pH = 7.62) at temperatures 10 and 18 • C. The water parameters in ambient water did not stay stable and were very low towards the end of the experiment in the larval phase at 10 • C,with pH between 7.83 and 7.90. At 18 • , pH in ambient treatment was even lower, between 7.76 and 7.83, i.e. close to medium pCO 2 treatment. Long-term exposure lasted 5 months. At 18 • C the development from stage 1 to 4 lasted 14 to 16 days, as predicted under optimal water conditions. Growth was very slow at 10 • C and resulted in three larvae reaching stage 4 in high pCO 2 treatment only.There were no clear effects of pCO 2 treatment, on either carapace length or dry weight. However, deformities were observed in both larvae and juveniles. The proportion of larvae with deformities increased with increasing pCO 2 exposure, independent of temperature. In the medium treatment about 23 % were deformed, and in the high treatment about 43 % were deformed. None of the larvae exposed to water of pH > 7.9 developed deformities. Curled carapace was the most common deformity found in larvae raised in medium pCO 2 treatment, irrespective of temperature, but damages in the tail fan occurred in addition to a bent rostrum. Curled carapace was the only deformity found in high pCO 2 treatment at both temperatures. Occurrence of deformities after five months of exposure was 33 and 44 % in juveniles raised in ambient and low pCO 2 levels, respectively, and 21 % in juveniles exposed to high pCO 2 . Deformed claws were most often found in ambient and medium treatment (56 %), followed by stiff/twisted walking legs (39 %) and puffy carapace (39 %). In comparison, at high pCO 2 levels 71 % of the deformed juveniles had developed a puffy carapace. Overall, about half of the deformed juveniles from the ambient and medium pCO 2 treatment displayed two or three different abnormalities; 70 % had multiple deformities in the high pCO 2 treatment. Some of the deformities in the juveniles may affect respiration (carapace), the ability to find food, or sexual partners (walking legs, claw and antenna), and ability to swim (tail-fan damages).

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Deformities in larvae and juvenile European lobster (<i>Homarus gammarus</i>) exposed to lower pH at two different temperatures

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Survival of krill embryos may be negatively affected by increasing ocean acidity (Kawaguchi et al 2013;Kawaguchi et al 2011), whilst a significant correlation has also been reported between krill density and Antarctic ozone depletion in the Antarctic Peninsula region, suggesting direct and/or indirect UV impacts on krill density (Mangel et al 2010;Naganobu et al 1999). The combined impact of these compounding threats on krill biomass may be considerable.…”

Section: Linking Climate Change To Species Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research combining experimental results and ocean circulation modelling shows survival of krill embryos may be negatively affected by increasing ocean acidity (Kawaguchi et al 2013;Kawaguchi et al 2011), with almost total Adults particularly susceptible to DNA damage and mortality due to UVB (Jarman et al 1999;Newman et al 1999). Adult behavioural changes, avoiding approximately 3.1d (Buchholz 2003).…”

Section: Observed Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Affects physiology and carbonate deposition by calcifying organisms such as krill (Bednarsek et al 2012;Byrne 2011;Constable et al 2014;Ingels et al 2012;Kawaguchi et al 2013;Kawaguchi et al 2011;Moy et al 2009). …”

Section: Increased Uv and Irradiancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forage species such as krill play a keystone ecosystem role as prey for a variety of higher-trophic-level species (Reid & Croxall 2001). Experimental and observational studies have identified likely impacts of climateinduced changes in the marine environment and impacts on krill whereby recruitment, survival, growth and distribution may be affected (Kawaguchi et al 2011;Quetin et al 2007). Krill densities are reported to have declined in the Scotia Sea by approximately 30% since the 1980s (Atkinson et al 2004), though the magnitude of this decline is a matter of ongoing debate .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Managing direct and indirect threats to marine ecosystems to balance multiple objectives

Tulloch¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human activities affecting the environment are intensifying. In marine ecosystems, direct stressors of overfishing and habitat destruction have led to biodiversity declines, prompting calls for conservation action and more sustainable resource management. Managing stressors becomes more challenging when stressors interact, or are indirect, whereby the source of the threatening activity is displaced from impacts, such as the localised effects of global warming, or runoff from land-use change degrading coral reefs. Effective management requires improved understanding of ecosystem responses to multiple stressors and consideration of interactions between stressors and species.Opposing objectives and outcomes of marine conservation (i.e. reducing stressors) versus resource management (often increasing stressors) compromise effective decision-making. Approaches are needed that include ecological and socio-economic information to promote long-term sustainability of extractive uses, protect functioning ecosystems, and conserve biodiversity. The choice of tool used to inform ecosystem management is typically constrained by management goals and available resources -spatial planning is typically used for conservation, whereas resource management relies more on population modelling.The goal of this thesis is to harness spatial and population modelling techniques to combine resource management with biodiversity conservation and link direct and indirect stressors to marine biodiversity persistence. Chapter 1 provides the context for the thesis, where I explore these themes and outline differences in decision-making for conservation versus extraction. In Chapter 2, I explore how agencies have managed stressors to date, and show that a decision-theoretic approach known as "structured decision-making" (SDM) is a more logical and effective way of managing stressors than traditional approaches that map threats. SDM requires clear objectives, canvassing of alternative management options, and linking outcomes for biodiversity to the effectiveness of each management option. SDM ensures that conservation actions occur where they are the most cost-efficient or effective. I apply recommendations from Chapter 2 in two case studies for managing multiple stressors to marine ecosystems: 1) spatial planning for oil palm agriculture and coral reef fisheries in Papua New Guinea (Chapters 3 and 4), and 2) managing whale species affected by harvesting, climate change and krill population dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere (Chapters 5 and 6).In Chapter 3 I combine ecosystem models and threat maps with spatial conservation planning to predict responses of coral and seagrass ecosystems to changing land uses. My novel framework identifies high priority areas for marine reserves whilst accounting for indirect impacts of land use change such as oil palm development and uncertainty in future stressor intensities. I demonstrate ii how we can reduce adverse impacts of oil palm expansion and make more effective whole-ofsystem decisions for coasta...

show abstract

Ocean conservation

Rogers¹,

Laffoley²,

Polunin³

et al. 2013

Key Topics in Conservation Biology 2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Will krill fare well under Southern Ocean acidification?

Cited by 95 publications

References 20 publications

Deformities in larvae and juvenile European lobster (<i>Homarus gammarus</i>) exposed to lower pH at two different temperatures

Deformities in larvae and juvenile European lobster (<i>Homarus gammarus</i>) exposed to lower pH at two different temperatures

Managing direct and indirect threats to marine ecosystems to balance multiple objectives

Ocean conservation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Will krill fare well under Southern Ocean acidification?

Cited by 95 publications

References 20 publications

Deformities in larvae and juvenile European lobster (&lt;i&gt;Homarus gammarus&lt;/i&gt;) exposed to lower pH at two different temperatures

Deformities in larvae and juvenile European lobster (&lt;i&gt;Homarus gammarus&lt;/i&gt;) exposed to lower pH at two different temperatures

Managing direct and indirect threats to marine ecosystems to balance multiple objectives

Ocean conservation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Deformities in larvae and juvenile European lobster (<i>Homarus gammarus</i>) exposed to lower pH at two different temperatures

Deformities in larvae and juvenile European lobster (<i>Homarus gammarus</i>) exposed to lower pH at two different temperatures