Willingness to Pay and Expected Benefits for Social Health Insurance: A Cross-sectional Study at Pokhara Metropolitan City

Ghimire, Rabindra; Wagle, Shreejana

doi:10.3126/mjmms.v1i1.42945

Cited by 3 publications

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References 2 publications

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“…In research carried out in various countries, socioeconomic characteristics were reported to affect people's WTP for health insurance programs. Accordingly, the WTP for SHI was found to be influenced by age ( 41 , 44 , 47 ), gender ( 40 , 42 , 44 , 48 ), level of education ( 40 , 42 , 44 , 47 , 49 – 52 ), residence ( 40 , 41 ), household size ( 40 , 44 , 47 – 49 , 52 ), occupational status ( 40 , 49 ), household income ( 40 , 47 , 49 , 51 ), and marital status ( 50 ). Thus, it might be important to consider the socio-demographic diversity of the population in the formal sector while implementing SHI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Willingness to pay for social health insurance in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Bayked

Toleha

Chekole

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundEthiopia plans to introduce social health insurance with the aim of giving recipients high-quality, long-term universal health care. It was anticipated to be fully operational in 2014. However, due to strong opposition from public employees, the implementation has been delayed multiple times. As a result, more and more studies have been conducted to collect evidence about the issue. However, there is no national pooled evidence regarding the willingness to pay for the scheme. Thus, this review aimed to evaluate the willingness to pay for social health insurance and associated factors in Ethiopia.MethodsOn September 1, 2022, database searches were conducted on Scopus, Hinari, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar. Based on this search, 19 studies were included in the review. The risk of bias for the included studies was assessed using Joana Briggs Institute checklists. The data were extracted using Microsoft Excel. RevMan-5 was used to conduct the meta-analysis. The effect estimates assessed were the odds ratios at a p-value <0.05 with a 95% CI using the random effect model.ResultsThe pooled willingness to pay for social health insurance was 42.25% and was found to be affected by sociodemographic, health and illness status, health service related factors, awareness or knowledge level, perception or attitude toward the scheme, and factors related to the scheme. The pooled result showed that the willingness of participants to pay for the scheme was 16% less likely (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.52–1.36). When the outlier was unchecked, the willingness to pay became 42% less likely (OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.37–0.91). The lowest willingness to pay for the scheme was in the Oromia region, while the highest was in Harar. Professionally, teachers were 3.22 times more likely to pay for the scheme (OR = 3.22; 95% CI: 1.80–5.76) than health professionals.ConclusionThe willingness to pay for social health insurance was low, <50%, particularly among health professionals, which urges the Ethiopian health insurance service to deeply look into the issue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Willingness to pay for social health insurance in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Bayked

Toleha

Chekole

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…The drop in WTP for SHI with age may be attributed to the fact that as people get older, their supplemental income sources decrease, making them unable to afford the premium. However, it has also been discovered that older people are willing to pay a higher premium than younger people ( 46 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Willingness to pay for social health insurance among public civil servants: A cross-sectional study in Dessie City Administration, North-East Ethiopia

Amilaku¹,

Fentaye

Mekonen

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe readiness to pay for health insurance has an impact on universal health care. This study investigated the willingness of public civil servants in Dessie City Administration, North-East Ethiopia, to pay for social health insurance and associated factors.MethodsFrom April to May 2021, a cross-sectional study was undertaken. The sectors from which the samples were proportionately allocated were chosen using a multistage sampling procedure. Using their payroll list as a sampling frame, simple random sampling was done to recruit them. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Epi Data version 3.1 was used to enter, code, and clean the data, which was then exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. To determine relationships, bi-variable and multivariable analyses were utilized. Candidates for multivariable analysis were variables with a p-value ≤ 0.3 in bi-variable analysis. AOR with a 95% CI was used to determine the strength and direction of association. Statistical significance was defined at p-value < 0.05.ResultsA total of 796 employees took part in the study, with a 94.42% response rate. Overall, 29.60% of them were willing to pay for the scheme (95% CI: 26.4, 33%). The decision to pay was influenced by favorable perception (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.72, 3.44), household income < Birr 5,000 (AOR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.48), acute illness (AOR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.72), bachelor level education (AOR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.70), master and above level education (AOR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.49), and age 25–29 years (AOR = 1.97, 95 % CI: 1.08, 3.57).ConclusionThe willingness of the civil servants to pay for social health insurance was low, and it was influenced by their attitudes toward the scheme, the occurrence of severe illness, income level, educational status, and age.

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Willingness to pay for social health insurance and associated factors among government employees in Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia: Mixed Method Study

Abdulahi,

Gamachu,

Deressa

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Social Health Insurance is a system of financing and managing health care of employees. A million people suffer a health-related financial catastrophe each year, and the majority have difficulty paying health expenditures, which leads government employees to low health service utilization. However, there is no evidence of the status of health insurance in the study area. Therefore, the study aimed to assess willingness to pay for social health insurance and associated factors among government employees, in Jigjiga town, eastern Ethiopia. Method: A mixed method cross-sectional study was used among 578 randomly selected government employees from March 30 to May 30, 2023, in Jigjiga city. Data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire through self-administration, entered into Epi-data version 3.1, and exported to SPSS version 22.0. Binary logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with willingness to pay. An odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to interpret the finding and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Nine in-depth interviews were used to collect qualitative data, which were then analyzed thematically. Results: Willingness to pay for social health insurance was 69.90%. Factors such as age >39 years old [AOR=6.30, 95 % CI;2.23,17.86], masters and above educational [AOR=0.41, 95% CI; 0.17,0.98], family size >=5 [AOR=0.11, 95% CI; 0.03,0.39], chronic illness in a family [AOR=0.37, 95 % CI; 0.25,0.55], and belief social health insurance as no benefit [AOR= 0.26, 95 % CI; 0.08,0.85] were significantly associated with social health insurance. From in-depth interviews, social health insurance has high acceptance and is considered an appropriate program for the study area. Conclusion: Nearly seven out of ten government employees are willing to pay for the proposed SHI. Age, educational status, family size, presence of chronic disease, and belief in SHI benefits are associated with willingness. A strong emphasis on implementation and providing necessary information for employees should be given to enhance their knowledge. It would be better to advocate the SHI for policymakers in order to start early implementation of the SHI in the Somali region.

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Willingness to Pay and Expected Benefits for Social Health Insurance: A Cross-sectional Study at Pokhara Metropolitan City

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Willingness to pay for social health insurance in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Willingness to pay for social health insurance in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Willingness to pay for social health insurance among public civil servants: A cross-sectional study in Dessie City Administration, North-East Ethiopia

Willingness to pay for social health insurance and associated factors among government employees in Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia: Mixed Method Study

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